Holocaust And The Mass Murder Of The Jews - 1958 Words

Holocaust â€Å"Holocaust† hails from two Greek words â€Å"holos† meaning whole and â€Å"kaustos† meaning burned. The Holocaust is a name that was used to historically define a sacrificial offering that was burned on an altar. However, from 1945, the word holocaust attained a new and horrible meaning. It was used to define the mass murder of 6 million European Jews. The Jews were killed along with some other persecuted groups such as homosexuals and gypsies. Now, the term Holocaust is used to define the mass murder of the Jews and this paper will explore the occurrences surrounding the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler did not mark the beginning of Anti-Semitism in Europe. Regardless of the fact that the term itself came into use in the 1870s, evidence pertaining to hostility toward Jews dates back to as far as the ancient world (Crowe 45). This was when the Roman authorities obliterated the Jewish temple that was situated in Jerusalem (Crowe 45). Subsequently, they forced the Jews to leave Palestine. In addition to this, the Enlightenment during the 17th and 18th centuries accentuated religious intolerance (Crowe 47). In the 19th century, Napoleon along with other European rulers established legislations that marked the end of the long-standing restrictions on Jews (Crowe 52). The Anti-Semitic feeling in most of the situations took a racial form rather than a religious one. Conversely, the Hitler’s specific slanderous brand regarding Anti-Semitism is not precisely known. Like most theShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust : A Mass Murder Of Millions Of Jews993 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the holocaust taking place in Germany, they took action. The Holocaust in Germany was a mass murder of millions of jews that was ran by Adolph Hitler and his Nazi party. The United States is taking similar actions today against syrian refugees just like how they did with the germans running the concentration camps. It was believed that Adolf Hitler (ruler of Germany at the time) and the Nazi party (supporters of Hitler) hated many people for many reasons. They hated jews because jews had mostRead MoreNegligence in Reporting the Jewish Holocaust1123 Words   |  4 Pages The Jewish Holocaust, one of the most horrific mass murders in human history, took place from January 30, 1933 until May 8, 1945. Hitler blamed the Jewish population for Germany’s downfalls at the time, and his anti-Semitic views eventually led Germany to create a complicated scheme of Jewish extermination. Over six million Jewish lives were lost in this mass murder. America, usually portrayed as the country that lends a helping hand to all nations in desperate need, did absolutely nothing to aidRead MoreThe Holocaust: The Biggest Hate Crime in the World1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust is consider one of the biggest hate crime that the world has witness. It is a hate crime due to the fact that is directed toward a specific group of people. Individual chosen or group chosen because they represent a group believed to represent a group that the perpetrator is biased against. Everything started when Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany, form 1934 to 1945. Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. Hitler rose to power in German politics becoming the leader of theRead MoreExposing Humanitys Darkest Sin: Jewish Genocide Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesSince the Holocaust, a theory has emerged for the real reason Jews were forced into concentration camps. Controversy surrounds this theory, between those who claim Jews were being exterminated inside concentration camps and those who disagree, claiming that this event never occurred in the camps. Holocaust deniers have gathered to discuss the theory whether the Nazis indeed committed mass murder inside these infamous structures. To this day, skeptics are unclear whether these camps were built forRead More3 stages of the Holocaust1204 Words   |  5 Pages The Holocaust systematically murdered 11 million people across Europe, more than half of those people were Jewish. The Jews were blamed for the German’s failures, such as World War I. As a result, Hitler established anti-Semitism throughout his army and the majority of Europe. The Holocaust consisted of three phases to annihilate the Jews. The phases did not create racial purity and they did not successfully annihilate all of the Jews as the Nazi party planned. The first phase began when theRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust885 Words   |  4 Pagestraumatic period, Holocaust-was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler s Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The Holocaust was the systematic annihilation of six million Jews during the Nazi genocide - in 1933 nine million Jews lived in the 21 countries of Europe that would be occupied by Nazi Germany during World War 2. By 1945 two out of every three European Jews had been killed. But today I will talk about the United States’ Response to the Holocaust. There two main historiansRead MoreAdolf Hitler and The Holocaust Essay729 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocast is the name of the Geonocide, or mass murder of Jews, Romas(gypsies), Slavics, communists, socialists, Jehovas Witnesses, homosexuals, and people with medical handicaps. This geonocide, led by Adolf Hitler, who was the chancellor and future dictator of Germany, resulted in the death of six million Jews an d thousands of other innocents. The Holocaust is arguably the worst thing that has happened in our history. In our modern world we still have racist and religious problems accross theRead MoreThe Holocaust Was An Ultimate Abomination Of Nazi1484 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust was an ultimate abomination of Nazi racism that occurred between 1938 and 1945. The word Holocaust derived from the Greek word holokauston, which stands for a burnt sacrifice that is offered whole to God. The word was chosen for this occurrence because of the amount of dead bodies that were cremated in open fires by Nazis. The Holocaust was known for the mass murders of European Jews that took place during the Second World War. European Jews were the fundamental victims during the HolocaustRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Causes Of Hate In The Holocaust1424 Words   |  6 PagesSometimes this hate can be so large it can be an influence for mass destruction. We have learned, or even have seen examples of hate turning into something bigger throughout our history. These examples include the multiple wars, terrorist’s attacks, and genocides. Many of these incidents were drove by hate, and did not end well. What drives this hate? How can people turn on one another with just feeling hate towards them? The Holocaust being one of the many genocides in our history was indeed influencedRead MoreEssay on Faith and Reason within the Holocaust1715 Words   |  7 PagesFaith and Reason within the Holocaust One of the greatest horrors of the 20th Century was the extermination of over 6 million Jews and 5 million others during the Holocaust. In the face of this atrocity many have wondered how such a tragedy transcended in a supposed civilized European society. What role did religious institutions play in the prevention or lack of prevention of the horrors inflicted by the Nazis? How did the German government create, within a reasoning public, acceptance

The Significant and Enduring Impact Louis Pasteur Had on...

The intention of this paper is to examine the significant and enduring impact Louis Pasteur had on public health and wonderful advances in medicines and invention of vaccines. Louis Pasteur was a truly talented person who made many various discoveries in different areas of science. He invented Pasteurization, the process of treating milk free of damage causing microorganisms (Louis Pasteur, 2014). In 1843, Louis enrolled at the Ecole Normale Supe ´rieure in Paris, where he focused in the origins of life. During the time he was professor in Strasbourg, France, he started investigating fermentation, which is a chemical process that breaks down organic substance. Pasteur became drawn to the field of transmittable diseases and the discovery of†¦show more content†¦Louis drew comprehensive drawings that would help him draw what he saw in the microscope. Fortitude also came in his childhood when a wolf bit his friend and nearly died from rabies (Berche, 2012). Louis Pasteur Education Louis received his bachelors degree in letters in August of 1840. Louis received his doctoral degree in 1847 with a thesis on crystallography. Pasteur studied how certain crystals affect light and at the age of 26, he started working on his doctoral thesis on crystallography, the study of forms and structures of crystals. Louis began working with two acids commonly found in the sediments of fermenting wine. Tartaric acid and paratartaric acid were found a few years earlier to have the same chemical composition, but there was something about these two acids that were different and Louis sought to find the answer. He found that in solution the two rotated polarized light differently, while tartaric acid rotated polarized light to the right, paratartaric acid did not rotate the light at all. He then began to study the crystals of each acid under his microscope and noticed that some of the crystals in paratartaric acid were slightly different from that of tartaric acid. Using a dissecting needle and his microscope, he separated the different crystals into two piles, and upon viewing each crystal in the microscope, he noticed that the crystals appeared to be mirror images of themselves (Berche, 2012). Louis Pasteur Marriage and Career HeShow MoreRelatedPorter Five Force Analysis of Indian Food Processing Industry9734 Words   |  39 Pagesunderstanding and analyzing the working of the real Indian scenario. Introduction of Report This report provides an overview of our food production and consumption system, its impacts on the environment and its vulnerability to environmental problems and resource constraints. The aim of the report is to identify any significant challenges to the future security of the food system in India that arise from environmental and resource issues, and the risks, constraints and social or political responses

Janis Joplin Essay Example For Students

Janis Joplin Essay Blues legend Janis Lyn Joplin was born on January 19th 1943, the eldest child of parents Seth and Dorothy Joplin. Janis was born and raised in the small Southern petroleum industry town of Port Arthur, Texas. Her father was a canning factory worker, her mother a registrar at a local business college. Her non-abberational upbringing coupled with the atmosphere of Port Arthur at the time; generally restrictive, intolerant, and unnurturing mustve made even Janis early childhood difficult. By all accounts, however, Janis seems to have been a normal and happy child, who fitted societys usual definition of pretty. It was in Janis adolescence that the hang-ups and hassles that were to affect the path of the rest of her life. In a sense, her rigid upbringing played a large part in making Janis who she was. This would never have been admitted at the time, but, predictably, the Port Arthur ethic created a fire inside Janis (the fire which later made her so famous) and kept it burning until her death. Janis troubles began, when, as a teenager, her good looks gradually began to disintegrate, her soft blonde hair turned into an unruly brown mane. She also developed severe acne, which would scar her mentally as well as physically. Hence, Janis became something of a loner, an ugly duckling- somebody who no longer fitted societys absurd notion of pretty. She soon began avoiding mirrors, and her anxiety about her looks was made worse by the constant taunts by peers, who rejected her and often made fun of her. When Janis found that society had rejected her, she simply rejected it. Janis raised on classical music and omnipresent country music back in Texas, discovered the blues of Louisiana. Janis was soon inspired to both learn and appreciate music, and its roots- her idols included Odettea, Leadbelly and Bessie Smith, who would have great influence on her subsequent musical career, especially her vocal style. By the time Janis graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1960, she had already decided she wanted to be a singer, and left home. At first, Janis found work in the country and western clubs of Texas, also singing folk songs for very little money. Her ultimate goal in doing this was to raise enough money for a bus fare to California. She played the folk circuit around Austin for a short while, then left for San Francisco. In the summer of 1965, Janis returned home to Port Authur for a year to question her life direction. Drugged-up and burned-out, she attempted, unsuccessfully, to conform to a straight lifestyle. Then, ironically, a fed-up Janis he aded back to Austin, where she had previously experienced such hostility, and stayed there for a further seven months before she was on the move again this time to San Francisco, where the next, and most important, chapter of her life was to begin. By 1967, Janis had joined Big Brother and the Holding Company and hit the big time, or at least, had established a healthy following locally. Albert Grossman, arguably the most influential and important entertainment manager of the era, showcased them. Thanks to him, they secured a three-record deal with Colombia Records. The band played at Bill Grahams Fillmore Auditorium, and, famously, at the Monterey Pop Festival, California, where Janis gave a legendary performance. A year later, Big Brother released their first album- Cheap Thrills (the original title: Sex, Dope and Cheap Thrills, having been vetoed by censors). As a result of the album, the group was now playing even larger audiences for bigger fees. Concert flyers read: Big Brother and The Holding Company with Janis Joplin. Increasingly, it was Janis who was singled out for critical acclaim. It was her powerful vocals on the extracted tracks Summertime and Piece Of My Heart that propelled the album to the top end of the charts. What is more, every Janis shriek and growl was painstakingly recorded with utmost precision. .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .postImageUrl , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:hover , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:visited , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:active { border:0!important; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:active , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to Succeed as a College Student EssayHowever, as the pressure on the hippie rockers began mounting, and they began using stronger, more expensive drugs, the relentless hedonism began to affect their working relationship. It was evident in Janis performances. She began scratching her head excessively- a side effect of excessive heroin use- and, in December of 1968, she left Big Brother in pursuit of a solo career. By now, Janis was a national celebrity, with an established reputation and critics everywhere raving about her performances. Of course, her established reputation didnt stop at her exceptional music. She was very much a typical rock star hedonist, using drugs and drinking excessively. Southern Comfort was her particular favorite that has been contributed to her raspy whisky voice. Janis decided against going solo and instead joined another band entitled the Kozmic Blues Band. She appeared with them at the great Woodstock festival, and they released one album together: I Got Dem Ol Kozmic Blues Again, Mama, released in September 1969, which, although it showed the maturity of her sound, received mixed reviews. Rolling Stone, in particular, slated the album. It was a somewhat different sound from Big Brother, with more emphasis on R;B than previously. In 1970, while recording her first album with the Full Tilt Boogie Band (entitled Pearl after a nickname given to her by her closest friends), Janis chanced into using heroin once again. Ironically, it was the workaholic side of Janis that landed her with her heroin habit. Unbelievably, despite the obvious negative effects, she believed that the drug made her feel fresh for rehearsals and performances- the two things that added the most pressure to her life. Like any heroin user, she was deluding herself. The slipp ery slope had begun. On Saturday October 4th 1970, Janis Joplin was staying at the Landmark Hotel in Los Angeles, California. She had almost finished recording the album Pearl with the Full Tilt Boogie Band and, that evening, she injected some heroin to help her to relax amid the recording sessions that were taking place. She also used Southern Comfort, to the extent that, if she were not actually an alcoholic at that time, she was very close to it indeed. Janis had bought the heroin from her usual, reliable dealer, named George. George, being a nice drug dealer, routinely had a local chemist come to check out his stash before he sold it onto the streets, to ensure it was cut adequately as to avoid fatalities. However, that night, of all nights, the chemist was not in town. Hence, the heroin Janis purchased would have been approximately 4 to 10 times stronger than normal, and she died. The last person to speak to Janis before her death was quite probably the man off whom she purchased a packet of cigarettes. The truth is, no one will really ever know the exact reasons why, having been so determined to kick her heroin habit, Janis Joplin reverted to the drug that had shown her mercy on so many occasions but ultimately killed her. What can definitely assumed is that Janis is a legend, who will never be forgotten. Just like the old blues singers whom she idolized, Janis will remain firmly etched into the memory of all those who were there during her time at Rocks Pantheon. This memory has also been passed down to a whole new generation, who are at last appreciating records by an artist who could sing without state-of-the-art technology. Today, Janis albums have gone gold, platinum and triple platinum. Her Greatest Hits Album still tops the charts on the American Billboard, and numerous compilation albums have been released since her death, including the box-set Janis. She has been the subject of a feature documentary Janis (1973), more recently VH1s Legends, and a film of her life is curren tly under discussion. .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .postImageUrl , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:hover , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:visited , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:active { border:0!important; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:active , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth Analysis EssayThree decades on and still, few other women couldve earned the nickname Pearl so well. Bibliography:

World War I Essays - Military History By Country,

World War I The name commonly given to the war of 1914-1918, which began in Europe and was fought principally on that continent but eventually involved all the continents of the world. While the wars between Great Britain and France from 1689 to 1815 had been extended to North America, Africa, and Asia, they remained wars between European governments. The term "world war" is properly applied to the conflict of 1914-1918 because the various parts of the British Empire in all continents as well as many countries in Asia and North and South America participated in it. For the first time, all the great powers of the world were engaged: Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia in Europe; Japan in Asia; and the United States in North America. It is estimated that by the end of the war about 93 percent of the population of the world was in greater or less degree involved. The two opposing sides in the war were; The Allies Or Entente Powers Britain, France, Russia (left December 1917), Italy (entered May 1915), Serbia, Belgium, Romania (entered August 1916), USA (entered April 1917) The Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (entered November 1914), Bulgaria (entered 1915) THE ENTERY OF THE USA TO THE WORLD WAR I The United States was never neutral throughout The Great War, despite the President Woodrow Wilson's declaration of neutrality, and a direct declaration of war against the Central Powers was an inescapable occurrence. When war was come into existence in Europe in 1914, it was impossible for the United States, an emerging world power, to avoid conflict despite its efforts to. President Wilson immediately issued a declaration of neutrality because entering into a war would be against the prevalent progressive spirit of the time and America had a tradition of avoiding European conflicts whenever possible. Nevertheless, The United States remained completely neutral from 1914-1917. " Continued interruption of trade and travel on the seas by both the allies and central powers, especially attacks by German submarines, which was the main reason for the United States to enter the war in 1917." Great Britain's powerful navy quickly took control of the Atlantic and set up a blockade, cutting off American trade with Germany. Germany, on the other hand, attacked British supply lines with their new invention, the U-boat. The United States accepted Great Britain's blockade and stopped trade with Germany, although a demand by the United States that free trade allowed surely have been agreed to. On the other hand, instead of accepting Germany's attempt to stop American shipping to the Allies, Wilson demanded that Germany stop all attacks on American ships, but accepted nearly the same thing when perpetrated by the British. The population of America, although against involvement in the war, supported the Allied cause. This was due to both the cultural similarities and roots shared between the United States and Great Britain and the large scale British propaganda campaign in America, in an attempt to get the United States involved in the war. The propaganda along with German practices of sinking ships without giving passengers a chance to escape and attacking the neutral country of Belgium (both of which violated international law) led to an intense Anti-German sentiment throughout the population. America was clearly not a neutral country, but Americans did not wish to become directly involved in the war. German U-boats had taken many American lives with their attacks on merchant ships, including the Lusitania where 128 Americans were killed, which lead to America demanding an end to the U-boat attacks. The Germans responded by temporally ceasing submarine warfare in 1916 under the Sussex Pledge until 1917 when Germany announced the continuation of submarine warfare and ended diplomatic relations with the United States. In an attempt to eliminate the threat of American involvement in Europe, Foreign Minister Alfred Zimmerman of Germany attempted to provoke Mexico into attacking the United States with the promising her Texas, New Mexico and Arizona in return. The British decoded a message containing Zimmerman's intent and sent to the US, further swaying Americans to action. Berlin, January 19, 1917 "On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New

Mary nickname bloodymary 1st person essays

Mary nickname bloodymary 1st person essays Mary the first was born on FEB. 18. 1516 at GREENWICH PALACE. I WAS THE DAUGHTER OF HENRY THE 8 AND CATHRINE THE FIRST OF ARGON. I WAS A GOOD STUDENT AND ACCOMPLISHEND LINGUIST. I LEARNED LATIN, FRENCH, SPANISH, ITALIAN, AND GREEK. I STUDIED ASTRONOMY, NATURAL SCIENCE, AND MATH. I PLAYED MUSIC, DANCED, AND EMBROIRED. MY FATHER WANTED ME TO MARRY MY HALF BROTHER BUT I DIDNT BECAUSE HE WOULD HAVE HAD TO NILLUFY HIS MARRIGAGE WITH MY MOTHER. I didnt like my fathers second wife b/c I FELT SHE WAS TRYING TO TAKE THE PLACE OF MY MOTHER. I WAS FORCED OUT OF MY HOUSE, AND SENT TO LIVE WITH MY SISTER ELIZABETH. B/C OF THIS I LOST MY TITLE OF PRINCESS, AND WAS DECLARED ILLIGITAMATE. LATER I TOOK AN OATH OF SUPREMACY, AND WENT BACK TO THE PALACE AND ONCE AGAIN BECAME CLOSE TO MY FATHER. WHEN I MOVED BACK I BECAME THE GOD MOTHER OF MY HALF BROTHER EDWARD. BECAUSE OF THE PARLIMENTARY ACT I WAS RESTORED TO THE ROYAL SUCCSSESION. WHEN MY BROTHER DIED IN 1553 I BECAME QUEEN. I WAS AN ATTR ACTIVE WOMEN WITH A STRONG DEMEANO, AND DIDNT LET PEOPLE UPSET ME. I HAD PRO-CATHOLIC AND PRO-SPANISH POLICES, AND I RESTORED THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. I MARRIED KING PHILIP THE SECOND OF SPAIN. THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF MY MARRAGE CAUSED CHANGES IN THE GOVT. I DIDNT LIKE HERETICS- PEOLE WHO HELD AN UNORTHADOX OPINION, AND SPOKE OUT ABOUT IT. ABOUT 3000 PROMINANT PRODISTANTS WERE BURNED AT THE STAKE, THIS IS HOW I GOT THE NICKNAME BLOODYMARY. PHILIP LEFT ENGLAND FOR 10 MONTHS AND CONVINCED ME TO JOIN SPAINS WAS AGAINST FRANCE. I BECAME DISSAPOINTED IN PHILIP B/C HE FOUGHT IN THE WAR AND I FELT THAT HE SHOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO WIN THE WAR, AND ALSO B/C I WASNT ABLE TO PRODUCE AND HEIR TO THE THRONE. I DIED FROM NATURAL CAUSES ON NOV. 25, 1588. I WAS ALWAYS TRUE TO THOSE FAITHFUL TO ME. AND I WILL BE REMEMBERED AS THE LAST SUCCESSFUL TUDOR SOVERIGN. ...

Free Online Public Schools for Arkansas Students, K-12

Free Online Public Schools for Arkansas Students, K-12 Arkansas offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Arkansas. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Alabama Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Arkansas Virtual Academy (off-site link)Arkansas Virtual High School About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing an Arkansas Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School.

James bond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

James bond - Essay Example In Fleming’s novels, Bond is born in London but he is active all around the globe with his Secret Service Mission and a code number 007. He is made up of many characteristics and is based on various commandos whom Fleming was acquainted with during World War II in the service for National Intelligence Division. Fleming added salt to pepper by creating his own style and tastes to suit the character of James Bond. An American ornithologist was the inspiration for James Bond’s name. His character has varied tastes that are prevalent in all of the books such as his love of drink and food, enjoyment of cars and charisma, and also an approximate intake of 60 custom designed cigarettes per day (Cork, 100-120). There have been many writers following the legacy of Ian Fleming in writing James Bond novels. Some of these are John Gardner who wrote two novelizations and fourteen novels, and Raymond Benson who wrote three short stories, three novelizations and six novels. Other auth ors also wrote James Bond stories included Kingsley Amis, Jaffrey Deaver, and Sebastian Faulks. Furthermore, many novels were based on Bond’s adolescence such as Young Bond which was a work of Charlie Higson (Cork, 125-135). The very first Ian Fleming novel was adapted by the television arena which was called Casino Royale, in which James Bond was an American agent. Daily Express also posted a comic strip series following this book. Twenty five James Bond films have been telecasted and seven actors have scrupulously played their roles in these films (Cork, 125-135). A description of James Bond by Ian Fleming presents him as a person with a weight of 76 kilograms, 183 cm height, an elegant build and posture with blue sparkly eyes and thick black hair. He has a scar beneath his right cheek and one on his left shoulder. There are evident signs of plastic surgery on the back of his right hand. He is an all rounder athlete who can play every game, an expert in pistol shot, a conno isseur boxer, a skilled knife thrower, and does not make use of disguises as were the norm of that time. Besides English, James Bond can speak German and French and is a heavy smoker who uses three gold brands. Women are his compassion and he drinks a lot but is reluctant towards bribes (Cork, 150-170). Raymond Benson’s James Bond was born in Zurich in the beginning of 1920s whose parents were Andrew Bond and Monique Delacroix, from Canton de Vaud in Switzerland. This family separated their time between a huge house outside Basel which allowed James to get fluent in German and French and an apartment in Chelsea. Sadly, both James Bond’s parents expired in climbing catastrophe on a holiday in France when he was eleven years of age (Cork, 160-170). After the demise of Bond’s mother and father, he was kept under the custody of aunt Charmian and subsequently he went to live in Kent with her. On passing the Common Entrance Exam for Eton College, he was admitted into the school. But after two school halves were completed, he was made distant from the school because he came in a supposed incident with a Boys’ Maid. Following this incident his aunt Charmian sent him back to his old school called Fettes College. The Young Bond series talk about his childhood exclusively (Cork, 170-180). Bond became a devoted golfer at the age of fifteen, a hobby which is also Ian Fleming’s hobby. Considering his hobby, he was often found at Royal St Marks Golf

Human Resource Management Positive Discipline Policy Essay

Human Resource Management Positive Discipline Policy - Essay Example Additionally, by creating a policy which is applicable to a blanket range of offenses against the company or the company’s clients, the employees as well as the owners do not have to go through a debate process of judging the level of the offense and the level of the punishment or reprimand. Coming in late to work is certainly an offence but it seldom mandates the same level of punishment as would the act of stealing from a client or a complete breakdown in security protocols for an organization dealing with sensitive information or material (Ploskina, 2001). By having a policy for employee discipline, both the company and the employees are protected from being harmed. It can be argued that this is not the best policy but it can be shown that due to its common acceptance and the use of similar policies across many different companies it is familiar to a lot of workers. This can be very useful since workers would not have to be explained the procedures every time this policy is applied. For the majority of employees the knowledge of the three strikes system would be more or less ingrained and those who would like to get the details about the policy can simply read the document to get answers for any questions that they may have. Secondly, the policy saves a lot of time and money for a company in terms of being compliant with different government regulations as per the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or the HIPAA regulations since the employee discipline and fiduciary responsibilities mandated by these regulations can be internalized in the policy rules. By internalizing the applicable government regulations and using discipline methods used and recommended by the government e.g. zero tolerance for certain offenses and three strikes for others, the company can reduce the cost of compliance (Lundquist, 2005). McManus (2006) takes an interesting view of rules, regulations and discipline policies like the one used by us and says

Prohibition Era Essay Example for Free

Prohibition Era Essay Prohibition in the United States takes effect on January 17th 1920, this is also known as the 18th amendment. This amendment banned the production, distribution, and sale of alcohol. The majority of the population pushed this law and wanted it to happen, however they did not realize the consequences to come. The prohibition era would be one of the most violent tines in the 20th century. Moonshine is a part of the backwoods culture and prohibition only fuels the fire. With alcohol hard to find moonshiners could charge top dollar for their product. This got more people interested in the production and distribution of illegal liquor because the profit outweighed the risk. The problem with this was rookie moonshiners, because they did not know the safe way, or the safe ingredients to produce moonshine. Also with the increased production brought increased law enforcement. The officers were supposed to destroy any moonshine still they found but were often bribed to look the other way. Another way alcohol was being brought into the U.S. is by boat. Large carrier vessels would stock up in Canada and Jamaica and drop anchor three miles off the coast in international waters, this was called Rum Row. There were over one hundred distribution ships off the coast between Maine and Florida who would sell to any takers. Similar to moonshine the U.S. had to step there game up and beef up the coast guard to catch these rum runners. However the runner’s response to the coast guard was to build bigger and faster boats. Some of these vessels could carry up to two hundred cases of liquor and were equipped with airplane engines. Also some boats could produce a smoke screen and were bullet proof. Then the coast guard did whatever it took to catch the runner’s. They would even open fire on the boat and crew to prevent the shipment from making it to the coast. Most of this illegal alcohol was being sold in private clubs called speakeasies. These clubs had secret rooms and walls to conceal the liquor to fool the police if they were raided. Even with the high risk people were drawn to these clubs because of the thrill of being caught breaking the law. Nevertheless before you could enter into one of these clubs you had to be given the password. But once you were cleared to enter they had all the alcohol you could pay for. Another big player in the Prohibition era was the mobsters. The Bernstein brothers Purple gang and Al Capone’s North Side Gang were the main contenders. They had the public terrorized because they were not afraid to kill anyone, anywhere. The illegal liquor didn’t enter or leave the city without there say so. All of this competition caused a gang war to break out between the Purple gang and the North Side gang. In one massacre the purple gang dressed as police and lined members of the North side gang up against a wall and murdered them. With all of this violence in the U.S. people are fed up with Prohibition law. They realized people are going to drink no matter what the law says. Then to the relief of many Americans on December 5, 1933 President Roosevelt signs the 22nd amendment to revoke prohibition.

lighthod Binary Oppositions in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay

Binary Oppositions in Heart of Darkness       In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad used a series of reversed traditional binary oppositions to convey the theme that every man has his own heart of darkness that is simply masked by the superficial light of civilization.    The novella focused primarily on the adventurer Charlie Marlow's journey into the African Congo, but dealt with larger themes. Marlow was from Europe and understood the basic premises of imperialism, but was unprepared for the world he encountered in the wilderness. The world of the African jungle did not abide, at that time, by the same laws with which Marlow had been raised. There was an inherent savagery in the jungle that he had not previously encountered and for which he was unprepared. This is first apparent when Marlow encountered the shaded death grove early on in his journeys. Marlow saw the natives suffering immensely for what seemed to be nothing - their work seemed for naught - but he did not speak up or stop his trek. This is also the first time that the reader gets a glimpse of the broader binary oppositions within the text. Marlow glanced at one of the dying natives, one with a piece of white European yarn tied around his neck. In the area that is the Outer Station, th e white Europeans had the natives - and vicariously the jungle nature, as the natives became symbols for the land surrounding each station - in a stranglehold. In this case, the color white, usually associated with purity or goodness, became a symbol for the evil that was imperialist colonialism. The black of the native's skin, bearing the color often associated with evil and inner darkness, is a stark contrast to the white of the yarn. The fact that Marlow responded with q... ... oppositions, it becomes clear that it is only through the pretense of civilization that mankind is able to resist the internal darkness inherent in its nature. However, the intensity of civilized behavior is directly related to the physical and moral environment in which humans are placed, and is therefore unstable. Through Kurtz and Marlow, and their underlying binary oppositions, Joseph Conrad proved that every man has a heart of darkness that is often obscured by the false illumination of a civilized society.    Works Cited and Consulted Adelman, Gary. Heart of Darkness: Search for the Unconscious. Boston: Little & Brown, 1987. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbrough. 17th ed. New York: Norton, 1988. Levenson, Michael. "The Value of Facts in the Heart of Darkness." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 40 (1985):351-80.   

Musicandlyrics

In living life in general, music plays a very important part in our lives. Through time and history, music has not only shown the culture of man in general, but also it has shown an essential reflection of what passions has driven man through time. Music is the window of expression to what each person feels in their lives in general. As we all know, it is through music that we share our common passions and in the lyrics that we verbalize which words appeal to us. This is pretty much what the plot of the movie Music and Lyrics by Marc Lawrence revolved mostly about. How music and lyrics composition is the reflection of passions and aspirations in the life of Alex Fletcher (Hugh Grant) and Sophie Fisher (Drew Barrymore). In the flow of the story, Alex Fletcher, a former band member of a hit 80’s band is trying to relive his glory days by singing with a famous singer; Cora Carmen to advance his own career. Cora agrees to do this if he makes the perfect song that they can duet to in her upcoming album. Alex at once tries to work at the song but struggles to find the lyrics given that he himself lacks what it takes of making the perfect lines to a hit song due to lack of passion in his own day to day life. In the process of racking his brains out in finding the perfect words to a song, Sophie; his plant lady comes waltzing in Alex’s house humming the perfect words that strikes Alex’s ears. He tries to convince Sophie to work with him at once and when she helped him out in making the perfect song, she also helps him out in a much more important thing he needed help in; his very own passions in life. In the process of making the song, Alex and Sophie gets really close as the stories of their lives unravel and frustrations are poured out. With Alex’s downfall in the music industry and Sophie’s mishap with dating a guy who ends up using her character in a book which traumatizes Sophie as all her frustrations in that relationship felt like was opened to the general viewing of the public eye. In the course of all this Sophie teaches Alex what it means to truly write a story of our lives through a song. She not only helped him in coming up with the words, she also thought him how to make it the proper way, through living your own life well and writing to sing about it. Eventually they come up with the song and Cora likes it but wants to put a modern twist to the melody so she can dance to it. Sophie doesn’t think that this is a good idea since it cuts out the essence of the song, this is where things get ugly when Alex refuses to tell Cora their opinions to the modern twist fearing that she will reject the duet contract. Sophie gets disappointed in Alex given that they have already reached an intimate relationship in the course of time that the spent together. This is when Cora requests for a another verse in the song and Sophie comes up with the perfect words to describe the scenario the two lovers were caught in; â€Å"There are moments when I don’t know if it’s real or if anybody feels the way I feel. I need inspiration, not just another negotiation.† This is where Alex realizes his mistake and makes it up to Sophie by making his own song of apology to her which he sings in Cora’s concert and convincing Cora to keep the song that he and Sophie made just at it is. All in all, I think this was a feel good movie where in the reality of the politics of show business and the music industry is also reflected. It also reflected the typical day to day drama that women deal with in love and lost specially with Sophie’s role as she felt like she’s been used and betrayed by two men; her ex and at one point even Alex Fletcher. It depicts traditional roles that women still play in society these days. The erotic pleasure in film, its meaning and in particular, the control place of the image of woman will be interwoven. Mulvey, Laura † Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema † 1975 Although there are different depictions that may be derived from the love story of Sophie and Alex or why Alex and Sophie fell for each other, the drama of their relationship and fear for entering a new intimate relationship reflects what most of use deal with in day to day life. The perceiver may find deeper or â€Å"explicit† meaning. The perceiver decides what the core of the film is from her own perspective. While one might see the crux of Saving Private Ryan as war is hell’, another might see it as saving one saves us all. â€Å"Chapter 1A: Making Films Mean† October 7, 2007 As a viewer, I loved the story line because it once again reminded me that no matter how complicated love and life can be, people are capable of making things work. That’s the beauty of romantic comedy films, no matter how redundant the plot can get, you keep on watching it for the very same reason; it’s â€Å"feel good factor†. I also found the lyrics of   Way back into Love and its lyrics very captivating so I really felt like the movie’s title gave justice to the show. I do think that the movie was quite typical especially with the variety of different plots that are emerging in the movie industry now-a-days. It was far too predictable for a contemporary movie, but given the genre of the show, I felt like I was supposed to be typical in order to captivate its target audience. It’s the type of movie that will be fun to watch with your family friends and loved ones wherein your quality time will be maximized not only by the feel good factor of the plot but also the comedic effect of the story line. The narration and the film technique was also pretty typical given that the plot of the movie didn’t really call for anything special work with the cinematography and the likes. I found the music video’s of POP also refreshing as it took me back to a trip to memory lane with the style and music of the band.. The setting was also perfect for the plot as Alex’s apartment and the surrounding locations did fit in perfectly in making the infamous song that they had to make for Cora. I also found the set of characters for the movie and the storyline brilliantly pieced in specially matching the lyrics of the song way back into love. It was like I was being taken into a journey with Sophie and Alex as I felt like I was being part of that song that they were making. No wonder the song became a hit once the movie hit the cinemas. The storyline captured the heart and soul of the drama of life and love and pieced it in to the song that everybody is still humming to months after its release. The characters were also perfect specially with Cora who did depict your typical popular pop star in dire need to dance to any of their songs. As simple as the movie was, it was a wonderful journey to the backstage of life and music and how it fits perfectly well together. I think it would give people a deeper appreciation for music. I also think that the movie also calls for a political challenge to artists and songwriters to write more about real things in life. This is because lately I have noticed the invasion of dance songs that has just connotations of sex, rage, unhealthy self image and vices to the point that it is no longer helping ourselves and the people around us in our modern day society. Music and Lyrics I think has a lot to show and tell us if we really read into the deeper meaning of what the movie had to offer. It was also refreshing that a love story has been put in the middle to buffer the point of embracing the heart and soul of the artistry of poetry and music. I really appreciated it given that I am a music lover myself. The soundtrack is a refreshing mix 80’s songs and modern dance in line with the story’s plot. It is a must see for people ready to unwind and enjoy catering to both young and old since the music is really bound to transcend generations as it has been shown in the film. Music and Lyrics has successfully fused the best ingredients in life; Love, Drama, Life, Music and Words! Just try singing to its soundtrack with your eyes closed while recalling scenes from the film and you will know what I mean when I say the movie could reach your soul if you let it. Just like how music has for many people and generations.   

Filipino Patriotism Essay

As time passes by, a person’s traits, behavior and personality changes generation to generation, some changes are positive and some are negative, but does Filipino traits today a positive or a negative change when we relate it to the love for our country? Filipinos today are somehow unpredictable. Why? Of course we’re not god to predict what they can or will do that somehow can put the country to shame. But as you can see, we, Filipino’s can do everything now, thanks to our ancestors who successfully freed our country, but sadly some are abusing or overusing the gifts we received from our ancestors. Feeling free and can do everything, Filipinos somehow became spoiled, that they only think and do things for theirselves, never for the country. Some says that all  the Filipinos who work abroad are considered as Filipino patriots. Let’s see. Why do you think some Filipino’s went to other countries just to work? Is it for our country? Or is it because of our country? Many workers reasons are that they need to gain higher amount of money everyday to sustain their and their family needs that they have to sacrifice their lives for their family. It’s really for their family not for the country, yes they are heroes: heroes of their own family. You see, nowadays, you’ll never hear these sentence anymore: â€Å"oh, I went to other countries for our own country. † It’s just a sad thing that we make ourselves believe that when we work abroad we might be already a Filipino patriot, but the real thing is, we are leaving our country behind, we never know that maybe someone out there needs us so bad that when we cooperate with them to contribute in raising our country’s economy. And have you ever noticed that some people, permanently leave this country after they earned enough money, and the worst, others, denies or are ashamed of their nationality. A Filipino in new York posted this, â€Å"Deep down inside every Filipino knows that there is a sense of patriotism soon to erupt. But now is not the time. There’s no sense of showing Filipino pride when we have a government as lame as this. Nakakahiya pa nga minsan eh. † And another Filipino posted this, â€Å"After the September 11 tragedy, you’ll see people wearing American Flag shirts, cars have American Flags hanging out, American tickers being given away free everywhere, and what not. Wow, do *I* have one on my car†¦. well yes, because I live in U. S. soil and I’m a Fil-Am.. but.. wait!!! Deep inside me I’m still a proud Filipino, I will stand behind my country till the end, and it hurts because it looks like no one else besides me thinks Philippines have a chance. † It’s a sad thing hearing or reading posts like this. Is Filipino patriotism, really dying? How about the youth? Wouldn’t they do anything about it? Who is responsible enough to guide and pursue youth to do anything for our country?

Free Essays on Mattel

12 June 2001 1) What was Jill Barad’s primary goal for Mattel in 1996? What strategy did she choose in order to pursue these goals? Answer: The primary goal of Jill Barad for Mattel was to increase earning per shares by 15% per annum compounded before the effects of any acquisitions. The following are the 4 elements of her strategies: 1. Continue with the highly profitable practice of extending the company’s existing brands (e.g. she had plans to further develop a line of collectible Barbie dolls); 2. Develop new product categories, particular in boy’s toys and board games where Mattel had traditional been weak. It could be accomplished through internal product development or by acquiring an emerging company and then growing its business through further investments. 3. Expanding overseas market sales to more than 50% of Mattel’s total; 4. Cost reductions by outsourcing production to low-cost foreign factories in places such as China. 2) Why did Barad’s strategies fail to generate the profit growth she had planned? Could better planning have helped Barad anticipate market trends? Answer: The following are the number of problems that had stymied Barad’s strategies: l Parents were buying fewer toys and shifting their spending to computer software and video games for their children; l Parents were shifting the spending to competing dolls such as Pleasant Company’s highly successful line of American Girl dolls; l As Disney’s most recent animated movies had been less successful than expected, the related toy sales had suffered accordingly; l The popularity of the Barbie brand had declined, partly because of changing fashions. If Barad had awareness of external threat that computer were becoming more popular to families, which parents might use it to entertain and educate their children and the lack of creativity of recent toys, her planning might have more consideration on innovative products. The same situat... Free Essays on Mattel Free Essays on Mattel 12 June 2001 1) What was Jill Barad’s primary goal for Mattel in 1996? What strategy did she choose in order to pursue these goals? Answer: The primary goal of Jill Barad for Mattel was to increase earning per shares by 15% per annum compounded before the effects of any acquisitions. The following are the 4 elements of her strategies: 1. Continue with the highly profitable practice of extending the company’s existing brands (e.g. she had plans to further develop a line of collectible Barbie dolls); 2. Develop new product categories, particular in boy’s toys and board games where Mattel had traditional been weak. It could be accomplished through internal product development or by acquiring an emerging company and then growing its business through further investments. 3. Expanding overseas market sales to more than 50% of Mattel’s total; 4. Cost reductions by outsourcing production to low-cost foreign factories in places such as China. 2) Why did Barad’s strategies fail to generate the profit growth she had planned? Could better planning have helped Barad anticipate market trends? Answer: The following are the number of problems that had stymied Barad’s strategies: l Parents were buying fewer toys and shifting their spending to computer software and video games for their children; l Parents were shifting the spending to competing dolls such as Pleasant Company’s highly successful line of American Girl dolls; l As Disney’s most recent animated movies had been less successful than expected, the related toy sales had suffered accordingly; l The popularity of the Barbie brand had declined, partly because of changing fashions. If Barad had awareness of external threat that computer were becoming more popular to families, which parents might use it to entertain and educate their children and the lack of creativity of recent toys, her planning might have more consideration on innovative products. The same situat...

Different Meanings of Hallmark

Different Meanings of Hallmark Different Meanings of Hallmark Different Meanings of Hallmark By Maeve Maddox Until recently, I attached only one figurative meaning to the word hallmark: A distinctive mark or token of genuineness, good breeding, or excellence. Here are some examples of the word used in the sense of a trait that denotes admirable excellence: The hallmark of a scholar is attention to detail. Indeed, if style, grace, intellect, and capacity for rebirth are the  hallmarks  of [a Renaissance woman], then Lois Wilson qualified in every sense. The  hallmark of an honest politician is  an innate understanding that their most sacred duty is to fulfill the responsibilities of their office.  Ã‚   Emotional intelligence is the hallmark of a good leader. Osbeck also noted a fourth writing trait- elegance- which he describes as the hallmark of great legal writing. Rereading, editing, and revising the initial draft into a good paper are the hallmarks of good writing. In each of these examples, the idea of excellence is implicit in the word hallmark. This connotation of excellence derives from the word’s literal meaning: â€Å"a mark or device placed or stamped upon an article of trade to indicate origin, purity, or genuineness.† The practice of placing marks of origin and authenticity on products made of gold or silver dates to the early Middle Ages. One such mark in England was a leopard’s head. In the 15th century, when a law required all goldsmiths to bring their wares to Goldsmiths’ Hall in London to be marked, the identifying device came to be known as a hallmark. Hallmark seems to have retained its connotation of quality and excellence until the 20th century. For example, the Hallmark Greeting Card Company was founded in 1910. Founder Joyce Clyde Hall felt that greeting cards â€Å"represented class.† Playing on the founder’s name and the goldsmith’s mark of excellence, the company adopted the name Hallmark in 1928. By midcentury, however, writers had begun using the word absent its connotation of worthiness: Do you know the hallmark of a second rater? It’s resentment of another man’s achievement.- Ayn Rand, Atlas Shrugged (1957). Writers familiar with the word’s positive associations continue to use it to denote excellence. For others, hallmark has devolved into a mere synonym for trait or â€Å"distinguishing characteristic†: Ruthlessness, deception and devious behavior is [sic] the hallmark of the successful politician. Expression of multiple horizontally acquired genes is  a hallmark of  both vertebrate and invertebrate genomes. A Hallmark of Alzheimer’s Can Show Up in Young People Too There’s even evidence that some speakers aren’t too sure that hallmark means trait: Many researchers have also theorized that a lack of self-awareness is  a hallmark  trait of narcissists. Writers who prefer to reserve hallmark to denote â€Å"proof of excellence,† may choose from the following list for words to convey the idea of trait or characteristic: attribute feature property aspect facet peculiarity Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names41 Words That Are Better Than Good40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Dose television promote deviant and violent behavior in teens Research Paper

Dose television promote deviant and violent behavior in teens - Research Paper Example In the modern world, the media sources have been taken over by the mass media, which incorporates the television it is most prominent and prevalent category. The fact that television is easily accessed in the current world and it is attributed, as another form of modern advancement, majority of the children in the current generation will have been exposed to it for the largest percentage of their life. According to the evidence attained from researches conducted, it has emerged that infants raised in households that have television indicated their first awareness to the device at an early age of as young as 6 months (Clifford et al 1). Over the years, a lot has been said and written over the impact of television in the developing teenagers within our society. A lot of the attention from the researchers while conducting their researches has mainly been focused on the negative effects that television has on the teenagers as opposed to its positive effects. While considering the due car e that is needed while showing the various programs to the teenagers, it must be noted that television when used sensibly will give rise to numerous benefits. Argument for According to Straubhaar and LaRose, violent behavior effects from television have received a lot of attention from researchers than any other antisocial behavior. The effect of television on the youngsters and teenagers at large has been an issue of concern in the public domain. This is because it is difficult for the youngsters to comprehend the difference between the current world they are living in and the world they perceive in the small screen. In the current world teenagers tend to spend numerous hours in a day watching the television without supervision. This hence creates room for possibility of harming the young developing mind with contents that are regarded as antisocial behavior and as well as violent behavior (Straubhaar and LaRose 407). It is automatically obvious that majority of the various program s aired by the televisions will not lack a scene of violence. It has been discovered that three-fifths of the overall shows that area aired by the televisions incorporate violent scenarios at an alarming rate of 4.5 violent scenes per show. The children shows on the other hand are even worse as they contain more violence that anticipated and to make the matters worse these shows glamorize the violent scenes. Thousands of studies that have been conducted and majority of which are associated by the Bandura’s Bobo doll study, indicate that children will imitate the violence shown by the television or any other mass media. The Violent scenes that are televised not only influence the teens to carry out similar actions of violence but also perform different forms of violence other than the one seen. Although much of the focus on the violence televised by the televisions is fictional base, it has also emerged that the violence depicted in the news regarding the various wars and conf licts may be disastrous to the developing teens. According to Gupte (85), teenagers posses the ability to mimic what they what they see or hear from their television sets despite the fact the content they are mimicking is might be negative or harmful on their future life. Some of imitating actions that depicted by the teenagers upon watching the shows that are

Quality Reliability and Maintenance Research Paper

Quality Reliability and Maintenance - Research Paper Example 2. QUESTION 4: Describe and then critically assess how your company designs, develops and produces a new product or service. Suggest practical ways in which current methods could be improved and explain the likely benefits to be gained from application of your suggestions. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents 3 1.QUESTION 2 4 1.1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.2 SIX SIGMA DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF SIX SIGMA 4 1.3 DEFINITION OF EFQM AND A BRIEF DESCRIPTION 7 1.4 THE MANNER IN WHICH SIX SIGMA ADDRESSES EFQM MODEL 8 1.5 ACTIONS OF EFQM THAT SIX SIGMA DOESN’T COVER 9 1.6 CONCLUSION 10 2.0 Question 4 10 2.1 INTRODUCTION 10 2.1.1 THE DESIGN PHASE 11 2.1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE 12 2.1.3 THE PRODUCTION PHASE 13 2.2 WHAT DMADV IS IN DESIGN OF SIX SIGMA 13 2.2.1 DEFINE 14 2.2.2 MEASURE 14 2.2.3 ANALYSE 15 2.2.4 DESIGN 16 2.2.5 VERIFY 16 2.3 A DETAILED EXPLANATION OF DMADV APPROACH. 17 2.4 IMPROVING THIS APPROACH. 18 2.5 CONCLUSION 19 BIBILIOGRAPHY/ REFERENCES 20 Graham Cartwright and John Oakla nd (2007) Lean Six Sigma – Making it ‘Business as Usual’. ... AINING DURATION OF BELTS IN SIX SIGMA 18 1.QUESTION 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION Most organisation in the world have concerns over process improvements in order to operate in the competitive market. Many CEO’s have been forced on implementing tools that will help them work smarter. This requires deep understanding of the business processes of the enterprise or the holistic overview of the organisation, as well as the ability to execute change on these processes. Tools focus generally in ensuring the organisation find a way to survive in the competitive All tools are Important but depending on certain situations one tool may be ideal to the other. Managers should be able to know when to use a tool depending on the advantages and disadvantages of the tools. Changing of tools enables the organisation run smoothly in the market gaining advantages that can’t be seen by its competitors, 1.2 SIX SIGMA DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION OF SIX SIGMA It is defined as a management approachwhich ai ms at improving the quality of processes by minimizing and eventually removing the errors and defects. This concept is developed to ensure that the customer’s satisfactions and requirements are meet and put in place.Tomkins (1997) defines that Six Sigma is aprogramme aimed at the near-elimination of defects from every product, process and transaction.Six sigma implies 3 main features statistical management, management strategy and quality culture.In fact, any process which does not lead to customer satisfaction is referred to as a defect and has to be eliminated from the system to ensure superior quality of products and services.The goal of the statistical quality control as a feature within the Six Sigma Methodology is to determine whether something has gone wrong with the manufacturing system. By

Movie Science Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Movie Science Paper - Essay Example The characters used their powers to help people and save the universe from destruction from evil people, especially one character, Victor Von Doom, who was once their friend, but turned evil. The film uses scientific terms and instruments that helps to understand the activities of the film. Some of the instruments used include the rocket ship, space suits, and space station. The film also includes scientists, astronauts and superheroes and uses scientific equipment that are technologically advanced. The activities of the film are centered in one place namely the Baxter building. The scientists converge here, and all the research and laboratory tests happen in this place. The building gives them a common place where all activities take place, and the characters give their ideas on different researches and tests that are conducted. One of the laboratory experiments conducted was aimed at restoring Ben’s body to its human form. This was because his change caused his fiancà © to leave him, and he feared and shunned by the residents of New York. The film also uses characters who are knowledgeable about science. These characters help in the operations that take place in the Baxter building. These characters identify when something is wrong and have the ability to solve any problems that may arise. They also help to guide supernatural characters in their activities of saving the

Mozarabic Religious Culture in Spain

Mozarabic Religious Culture in Spain People define art as something which has been molded from talent and skills. It is something made out of inspiration or something that the artist envisions. We consider the remnants of the past as arts, Greek potteries, ancient paintings or buildings, illuminated manuscripts and so forth. These objects may be admired and appreciated in several different ways but what we see may not be the view of the artist who made it centuries ago. There were relics of the past that has shown history. There are objects that we may consider today as an object of art but what we see is just a small fraction of what it has been to the people where it had been before. It may represent what culture it came from, what trials did the creator of the object had gone through to make something that would subsist through the years to be appreciated and be treasured in the present time. In most histories, there were always things found that represents what kind of life they have lived, murals that tells the sto ry of our ancestors existence just like a diary in the present time. In the history of Spain there existed a group of minorities which made an impact in the countrys history religiously and artistically. Mozarabs were Iberlian Christians living in Al-andalus, a nation in the Iberian Peninsula. The term Mozarabic is derived from the word mustarib or mustarab which came from the Arab root word araba, meaning in the active sense, to make oneself similar to the arabs or having assimilated Arabic customs or most specifically designating someone who had the appearance of an Arab, was indistinguishable from the Arabs, an would not stand out in the crowd of Arabs (Corominas 244). It was a term derived to call the Christians who lived in the control of the Muslim lands and avoid confusion among old Christians who resided in Al-andalus and other Christians. Although Spain was Muslim in that period (711-1492), Mozarabs were treated good-naturedly, though they remain unconverted to Islam and didnt actually enjoy equal rights. A few agreed to be converted to Islam to avoid the heavy tax being subjected to them. The conversion also opened opportunities for them to make a better living and alleviate their status in the society since they were in a Muslim community. They have adopted Arab customs, culture and Arabic language. Christians lived in a separate community; they had their own government, and paid a special tax in place of the requirement made of Muslims to serve in the army. There were Mozarab women who married Muslim men and their children were raised as Muslims. Mozarabic was the romance language they spoke (Hitchcock 12). This language was first documented in the Peninsula in the form of choruses or kharjas in Arabic and Hebrew lyrics called muwashshahs. Even though Arabs were driven out of Spain at the end of 15th century and the language has died out, it is sometimes claimed that Mozarabic has left its mark on the dialects of Southern Spain and Portugal. In their time, Mozarabs never call their language as Mozarabics nor themselves as Mozarabs. At times Christian communities prospered in Muslim Spain; these Christians are now usually referred to as Mozà ¡rabes, although the term was not in use at the time (Hitchcock 1978). Historians started calling them Mozarabs only in the 19th century referring to the Christians who lived under the Muslim rules in the Iberian Peninsula during the middle ages. The Mozarabs had ritual worships in the Catholic Church which was Mozarabic Liturgy. It was most celebrated on Sundays and on great feasts. The Mozarabic rite is the second-best most attested preserved documented liturgy in the Latin Church; the first is the Roman rite. The role of the Blessed Virgin Mary is emphasized in their rites more than that of the Romans. They were also the first to use ashes within the liturgical celebrations. Mozarabic Liturgy is also called Gothic-Spanish, Isidorian and Toledian (Gihr 334). Many of the existing manuscripts of these rites are in cathedral Chapter Library at Toledo. There were manuscripts found by the cardinal in the library of the cathedral in Toledo in 1502 as mentioned by Gomez to his edition of Brevarium Gothicum which was published in Madrid, 1775. These manuscripts were one of the magnificent Mozarabic arts preserved from their time. It was said that these manuscripts were written in old Gothic characters and related to the ancient Spanish Liturgy (Notes Queries 41). The manuscript was said to have a resemblance to the Roman Liturgy in every essential part. The Mozarabic Liturgy is an essential part of the Spanish Christian History. Their rites continued to be used in the five churches of Toledo until 1842 when the Spanish government suppressed the churches throughout the country and the number of parishes dropped. Another essential part of the Mozarabic Liturgy is the Mozarabic chant which has a significant influence from the Gregorian chants. It was also a period of musical creativity in the part of being liturgical, which was still preserved at present time. It was intended to be sung by males, in accordance with the Roman Catholic Tradition and was monophonic and a capella. There were four chant categories, recitation, syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic. Chants were considered a method for spiritual development; it can be performed individually or in a group. Chants may involve throat singing as in Tibetan Buddhists and chanting mantras which are particular to Hindus. In the time of the Moorish invasion in Toledo there was a clash in the liturgical rites because the king and queen preferred the Roman rites so in order to decide which of the two were most favored by heaven they agreed to choose their own champions to fight in mortal combat. But when the Mozarabs won, the king and queen were annoyed by their triumph and later came to a thought that it is not appropriate to question theology in the form of a combat. It is only through a miracle that they will determine heavens response. Believing that their rituals were exceptional they proposed to make another deal where the two liturgies were thrown into fire while each party prays to heaven. The one which will not be burned will be considered the most favorable to heaven. The Roman ritual came out scorched but the Toledan remained on the spot where it was thrown and remained without injury. The Mozarabic ritual was then preserved and followed for a long period by their descendants until the copies of the rituals were lost and no one was able to perform and understand the services which had caused disputation between them. Having the desire not to discontinue such significant custom, Don Francisco Ximenes, archbishop of Toledo, founded a Mozarabic chapel where Mozarabic services were to be celebrated. The chapel which still exists is ornamented with interesting Gothic frescoes which were still in a perfect stage of preservation. It represents various combats between Toledans and Moors, another is meticulously painted frescoes which shows the vessels that brought the Arabs to Spain(Gautier 127). One of the paintings represents the old Toledo during that time and information about the arms, costumes, weapons and architecture of their period in vast details. The cloisters, as well, were covered with frescoes. They surround a number of elegant and severe arcades of beautiful masses of vendure[à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (Gautier 127). The cloisters were fittingly located near the church whe re you can walk about and reflect your thoughts without having to join in a ceremony or in a prayer. It was a peaceful and cheerful surrounding. The church in St.Thome at Toledo which was Moorish in all its details was classified as Mozarabic Architecture. There were many of the same class with horseshoe shaped arches and ribbed domes which were undoubtedly known as made by Christians but has Islamic influences (Fergusson 158). Mozarabic architectures has absence of exterior decoration, diverse in the floor plans, the majority of the structure is emphasized in the small proportions/ carvings (segmented, ribbed of horseshoe transept, etc.). It was known that Mozarabic arts and architecture were a fusion of Christian and Arabic influences whereas the adjective Mozarabic was derived. These practices were seen in the artistic church architectures and manuscript designs. There were various buildings in Spain with Mozarabic influence but there were ones which were purely Mozarabic. Some e xamples were the Iglesia de San Miguel de Escalada (fig.1), east of Leon; the Ermita de San Baudelio (fig.2), beyond Berlanga de Duero in Soria province; and Iglesia de Sta Maria de Lebeà ±a (fig.3), on the east side of the Picos de Europa mountains. Various churches with Mozarabic characteristics were built during religiously tolerant periods across Al-andalus. Eventually, most of them were destroyed or damaged in the years of conflict and persecution between different communities. An important characteristic of the Mozarabs was that they stick to their customs, cultures and religion although they were not allowed to build new churches. The eighth century is a fundamental phase for Christian culture in Spain where numerous architectural and artistic customs arose with influences from early Christian and Carolingian Art. When the Mozarabs migrated to north of Spain they established many monasteries where a certain change in the regions concept in architecture, sculpture and painting occur. Along with the changes in the traditional architecture there arose an illumination of manuscripts mostly from the Bible and the New Testament and Beatus of Liebanas commentary on the Book of Apocalypse also known as the Book of Revelation of St. John. It was the reason that Beatus of Liebana was known in the later decades of the eighth century. Beatus of Liebana was known a monk, theologian and geographer. He was also know to have written two other texts, being the co-author of the Apologeticum which is also known as the Letter of the Etherius and Beatus to Elipandus and as the possible author of the sixty-line acrostic hymn known as O Dei Verbum (Kinane 48). In his time, having studied the New Testament Apocalypse, he saw the signs which were to his belief the sign of the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. The Adoptionist movement which does not believe that Jesus is the Son of God is, to his view, the anti-christ. He wrote a letter to Archbishop Elipandus of Toledo about the error of his ways. To the latters annoyance, he wrote a letter to the Asturian abbot Fidel accusing Beatus of the sin of arrogance, being a lowly monk teaching ways to an Archbishop(Kinane 50). The archbishops words of sarcasm and name-calling might have served for Beatus to write the Apologeticum where he turned the Archbishops word back on him entwining words based from the Bible. He proved in his own logical form that Elipandus is the Antichrist which caused Doctrinal war and brought Elipandus to scrutiny throughout Europe. Beatus calculated the Second Coming of Christ based on the events in the Bible and had arrived to the conclusion that the 6th millennium from the time of Adam would be the end of days. In total, the Mozarabs religious culture had been of great influence in Spains customs and its arts and architecture. Although a minority group they have proved to have lived in what they believed and fought for it. They played an essential part in its religious history and had been a foundation of Christianity.

Censorship of the Internet is Wrong :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Censorship of the Internet is Wrong       The Internet can be a very disturbing and adult medium. There are parts of the Internet that should not be viewed by children. Explicit information can be found which is intended for an adult audience but children who have access to the Internet have become exposed to this material. The question at hand is who is responsible for preventing these children from viewing this material. Censoring the entire Internet would be one capable option. Though this option would be effective but it wouldn't be practical. Censoring the Internet would limit what adults could view and communicate. Owners of Internet servers should know of the possible information and people that can be found in this medium. Having the access to the vast information available on the Internet, a responsibility is needed. Censorship of the Internet is not needed as a whole, but the reasons for censorship are understandable. These reasons though, should be the responsibility of the individual user, not the gov ernment. Relying on the government is not the answer.    Prevention of children viewing and having access to elicit material can be achieved without banning the material from the Internet. I fully believe in censorship of the Internet: Censorship by the parents for their children. All is needed is responsibility by the parents of the children. If you are a parent willing to provide your child access to the Internet, then you need to take precaution. Most parents would prevent their child from looking at the adult section in a movie store, which in many cases they can get access to, then why would they allow their children access to such material on the internet?    The Internet is something that most of us must buy access to and which we then choose to surf on our own. And does the government really have the right to tell parents what books and magazines they can let their children read at home or what television programs or motion pictures they should let their children watch? (Ford Marrin Esposito Witmeyer & Gleser, L.L.P.)    It is the parent's responsibility to limit the access of the Internet for their children. There are many options, which can prevent children from the access to the illicit material, which can be found through the Internet.

Analysis of the Raven by Edgar Allen Poe Essay

The nineteenth century poet Edgar Allen Poe makes use of several literary devices in order to create a gloomy atmosphere in his poem â€Å"The Raven†. Alliteration, rhyme, onomatopoeia, assonance, and repetition are used to contribute to the melodic nature of the work and provide an almost â€Å"visual† representation of his gothic setting. Poe is a master of using these writing techniques. â€Å"The Raven† is one of his most popular works. This is certainly due, in part to his use of these literary devices in this piece. The poem tells of a narrator who is reading an old book in his parlor when he is interrupted by a knock at the door. The protagonist is in a period of grieving over the loss of his love, Lenore. At first, he wonders who the visitor might be and resolves to inform him or her that he is indisposed at the moment. The narrator finally opens the door only to find no one there. He returns to the chair (which Lenore will no longer occupy), only to hear the rapping again. He decides that the sound may be coming from the window, so he opens it. A raven enters through the window and lights upon a bust of a mythological figure that the narrator has in his room. The narrator questions the raven concerning its name, the bird answers â€Å"nevermore†. This startles the speaker, and he wonders aloud if the bird will leave him just as all of his friends seem to do. Again, he is answered by the raven â€Å"nevermore†. As the protagonist progressively becomes more and more upset with the situation, he decides that the raven must go. He even demands that the raven leave. The response â€Å"nevermore† is once again given by the bird, which refuses to go. The narrator finally concludes that his soul is inextricably tied to this foul beast and he is to be forever tormented by it. The melodic nature of the poem and its very gloomy tone is reinforced by Poe’s choice of words and the sound effects that they convey. By the use of rhyme, the poem is made to flow much like a song when read aloud. For example, the second line and the last three lines of every stanza rhyme with each other. Many other internal rhymes are also found within the lines of the poem. In fact, the first line of the poem contains an internal rhyme â€Å"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary†. Another example is found in Line 31 which reads â€Å"Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,† The poem is rife with such examples. Poe also uses repetition to accentuate the musical quality of â€Å"The Raven†. Obviously, the repeating of the word â€Å"nevermore† is used throughout the work not only to convey a sense of musicality, but to suggest the melancholy theme of this piece due to the connotations that the word expresses (lines 48, 54, 60, 72, etc.). Poe also uses repetition in other sections of the poem. In lines 16 and 17, we read â€Å"’Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; – Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door;† In these lines, we get the impression that the speaker is trying to reassure himself that there is no sinister force at work, but simply a visitor at his door. Edgar Allen Poe was extremely talented at choosing words which not only support the fluidity of the work while also reinforcing the tone. Alliteration is another literary device which is used throughout â€Å"The Raven†. Alliteration is the repetition of beginning consonant sounds. â€Å"The Raven† is full of examples of alliteration. An instance of this device is seen in line 26, in which the â€Å"d† sound is repeated: â€Å"Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;† While another example is found in line 45: â€Å"’Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou,’ I said, ‘art sure no craven,’† In the previous sample, the â€Å"th† sound, as well as the â€Å"sh† sound are used for effect. Poe craftily uses assonance throughout this piece, as well. Assonance is the repeating of a vowel sound in a line. Line 13 gives us an example of assonance as Poe couples the words â€Å"†¦purple curtain†. Immediately following this, he begins line 14 with the assonant words â€Å"Thrilled me-filled me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, we see such a choice of words in line 59: â€Å"†¦hopes have flown†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . However, line 71, gives us perhaps the best example of Poe’s use of assonance when he writes â€Å"†¦grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when describing the bird. Edgar Allen Poe also employs onomatopoeia in â€Å"The Raven†. Onomatopoeia is a technique of using words which imitates the source of a sound which is described. An example is found when the â€Å"rapping† and â€Å"tapping† upon the speaker’s door and window is described (lines 3,4,5,21,22, and 32). Poe also offers onomatopoeia in line 37, when he uses the words â€Å"flirt and flutter† to describe the raven entering from the window. Another fine example is found in line 80 in which the writer mentions the â€Å"tinkle† of foot-falls on the floor. â€Å"The Raven† offers a fine example of how the use of sound effects and other literary devices can be used by writers to establish a tone that creates a â€Å"mood† within the reader. Poe’s mastery of these tools is quite impressive. He artfully gives an illustration to writers, readers, and students of how to make full use of these implements to create the precise air of dread that Poe desires to convey, while maintaining the beauty of a flowing, melodic poem.

Rules of Interpretation

A  statute  is a formal written enactment of a  legislative  authority that governs a  state,  city, or  county. Typically, statutes command or prohibit something, or declare policy. Statutory interpretation  is the process by which courts interpret and apply  legislation. Some amount of interpretation is always necessary when a case involves a  statute. Sometimes the words of a statute have a plain and straightforward meaning. But in many cases, there is some  ambiguity  or vagueness  in the words of the statute that must be resolved by the judge.To find the meanings of statutes, judges use various tools and methods of statutory interpretation, including rules of interpretation. The five (5) main rules of statutory interpretation are: 1. The Context Rule When the context rule is used to interpret an act it is understood with reference to the words which are in immediate connection to it. This can be expressed by the Latin maximum â€Å"noscitur a sociisâ⠂¬  which means â€Å"a word may be known by the company it keeps† when translated.The context rule is a more accurate way of interpreting a statute because in each rule we tend to find out the meaning of a statute by learning about the context in which it was written. When a word stand alone it may have one specific definition however when one word is used in more than one context it may have a variety of different meanings. When using the context rule one should consult the definition section of the statute and the Interpretation Act. 2.Interpretation in the Light of Policy ( The Fringe Meaning) Courts often announce that that they are trying to discover the intention of the legislature when interpreting statutes. If the courts find it difficult to decide whether a particular situation falls within a statute or not, the situation was probably unforeseen by the legislature. In this case the members of parliament would be just as confused as the judges. When statutes are con structed the maker of the document may not mean to include that which the court is concerned to ascertain, but they have said. . The Mischief Rule When the mischief rule is applied the act or document is to be constructed to suppress mischief and advance the remedy. In applying the rule, the court is essentially asking what was the â€Å"mischief† that the previous law did not cover? The Mischief Rule is of narrower application than the  golden rule  or the  literal  rule in the sense that it can only be used to interpret a statute and only when the statute was passed to remedy a defect in the common law.The way in which the mischief rule can produce more sensible outcomes than those that would result if the literal rule were applied is illustrated by the ruling in  Smith v Hughes  (1960). It was a crime for prostitutes to â€Å"loiter or solicit in the street for the purposes of prostitution†. The defendants were calling to men in the street from balconies and tapping on windows. They claimed they were not guilty as they were not in the â€Å"street. † The judge applied the mischief rule to come to the conclusion that they were guilty as the intention of the Act was to cover the mischief of harassment from prostitutes. . The Literal Rule Literal rule states that if the words in an act are precise and unambiguous then they should be used in their natural and ordinary sense. The court can not extend the statute to a case outside of its terms bit with its purpose. Neither can it leave out the case that the statutes literally include thought it should not. If any doubt arises then the circumstances behind the enactment of the act are taken into consideration. Thus if the words are clear in themselves then they are to be put into effect. 5.The Golden Rule In golden rule, the meaning of the words are modified in order to avoid repugnance, inconsistency or absurdity. This rule applies in a few cases. In the first case the rule allows the court to prefer a sensible meaning, which would be the most obvious, to an absurd one even though both are possible. In another case this rule will only be used if the words are absolutely incapable of coinciding with the obvious intention of the statute. It is only where the words will avoid an unreasonable result that they must prevail.