Ethical Argument Cover Letter Essay

This is my submission for the Ethical Argument writing assignment. I was asked to choose a topic to write and I chose to write about the Ethical Arguments against Abortion. Initially, I had many choices but I landed on this mainly because this is a broad topic as it covers science, religion, and human rights. Since this is a broad topic, it was also difficult to choose which part of abortion is suitable for this argument and which part of abortion I can write without injecting my personal views and opinion. Thus, I decided to write to focus on why abortion is acceptable for the case of life endangerment and why it can’t be accepted in rape cases. The purpose of this essay is to show arguments about the legalization of abortion with regards to life endangerment against rape case. Perhaps, the most difficult part of writing this paper is to weigh objectively the stand of abortion in the two cases given in this essay. However, the parallel or example I gave helped me arrive to the argument I presented. I hope that this writing will meet your requirements and I would be glad to receive some feedbacks from you. Respectfully Yours, Student’s Name Student’s Name Professor’s Name Subject 29 April 2009 Ethical Arguments against Abortion For years, we have heard a lot of arguments against abortion; arguments as to why or why not abortion should be legalized. It seems to be a never-ending debate especially when taken from a pro-life perspective. Arguments against abortion often range from objections based on the USA’s constitution protection of the rights to human life to biblical belief that human life starts at conception. However, more arguments and objections arise when a law justifying abortion for mothers whose lives are endangered because of pregnancy has been approved, whereas others are questioning that if this is permissible, why can’t rape cases be? This essay offers arguments and responses as to why it is morally illegitimate to have abortion in the event of rape, while it is fairly acceptable to commit abortion when the mother’s life is endangered. Let’s look at the rape issue first. One of the fundamental beliefs of person’s rights regarding any system concerning the use of disciplinary force is that is to be applied only against those individuals responsible for the initiation of force. In this situation, the guilty party is the rapist and not the fetus. Moreover, in this case, the law might legally grant its authority to terminate the rapist, since rape is considered as an abominable crime, but not the child, even if the child’s dependence on his mother was the result of the rape. Let me give you a parallel. Imagine that there are two mutually unfriendly people living in the same building during the bombing raids of Hitler in 1940. A bomb is thrown into the building and this causes all possible exits to collapse while destroying all the walls that separate the neighbors. In effect, they are forced to share the same space and work with each other in the hopes to channel themselves out despite a mutual dislike. Does the given scenario justify one of the two unfriendly neighbors killing the other because of the inconvenience caused by the other, even though none of them had really caused it, or wouldn’t it be proper to demand justice from the Nazi air marshal who had originally commanded the bombing raids? Although the bombing and rape are two immensely unlikely scenarios, both are possible and the possible circumstances here are parallel to that of a pregnancy caused by rape. Going to the mother’s life endangerment issue, no individual is really obliged to his or her own life to save another person’s life. Therefore, when it can be proved medically that the mother’s life is in fact significantly endangered by a pregnancy, then, an abortion may be undertaken as a final resort and an only situation where it is possible to support legal abortion and to remain loyal to the individual rights’ principle; however, it is not an ordinary situation. Rather, it is considered an emergency, or a sort of situation as addressed in â€Å"The Ethics of Emergencies† written by Ayn Rand as part of her essay collection â€Å"The Virtue of Selfishness†. An emergency is an unchosen, unexpected event, limited in time that creates conditions under which human survival is impossible – such as a flood, an earthquake, a fire, a shipwreck. It is only in emergency situations that one should volunteer to help strangers. For instance, a man who values human life and is caught in a shipwreck, should help to save his fellow passengers (though not at the expense of his own life). But this does not mean that after they all reach shore, he should devote his efforts to saving them from poverty, ignorance, neurosis or whatever other troubles they might have. Nor should he spend his life sailing the seven seas in search of shipwreck victims to save. (The Virtue of Selfishness) From this definition alone, the situation of a mother whose life is endangered because of pregnancy is considered as an emergency as long as the mother has no idea that her pregnancy would put her life into danger. However, if from the start, the mother already knew about her medical condition that pregnancy will do her no good, it must be her responsibility to avoid becoming pregnant and must do her best to protect her health. Should she decide to face the risk, aborting the baby must not be done. In addition, Rand writes in her essay that emergencies are always exempted from the rule. They are not the normal state of ethical human relations or of human existence. To say that such extreme action may be allowed in emergencies is simply not to extend the acceptability or tolerability to the realm of human existence as dealt with by the basics or fundamentals of ethics. So, just because abortion may be justified as a final resort in some unexpected circumstances, this does not mean that the general legalization of abortion may be justified, especially with the fact that most cases of abortion occur because a woman has gone through indiscriminate sexual relations and has never wished to bring upon herself the objective consequences of such actions which are the pregnancy and the responsibility and obligation of bringing up a child. Work Cited Rands, Ayn. â€Å"The Virtue of Selfishness† 28 December 2008. Glyn Hughes’ Squashed Philosophers. 29 April 2009. Annotated Bibliography Rands, Ayn. â€Å"The Virtue of Selfishness† 28 December 2008. Glyn Hughes’ Squashed Philosophers. 29 April 2009. Rand’s essay collection â€Å"The Virtue of Selfishness† offers the basic or fundamental social principle of Objectivist ethics that life is simply an end itself, which simply means that every human being is an end himself. This also explains that man must live only for his own self and neither to sacrifice himself for others, nor having others to sacrifice themselves for him. The chapters in this essay collection could be easily included in the ethical argument writing especially when the topic is about sacrificing oneself or sacrificing others for the benefit of the other just like the topic in this argument.

Fire Management Essay

I. INTRODUCTION: In the early decades of the 20th century, The Philippine government adopted a policy of aggressive fire suppression. Professional firefighters were trained to detect and fight fires, and fire stations were built in strategic areas throughout our country. The aim of fire suppression is, first, to stop or slow down the rate of a fire’s spread, and secondly, to put it out. There are three components to any fire — fuel, temperature, and oxygen — which have become known as the fire triangle. To suppress a fire, firefighters must break this triangle, by removing the combustible materials, by reducing its temperature, or by smothering it so that it has no oxygen. Suppressing fires became considerably more effective after World War II and when new fire trucks, helicopters, smokejumpers, fire retardant clothes and new fire fighting strategies were introduced into the fight against fires. It seemed as if the raging infernos that had destroyed property and terrorized people would become the gigantic disasters of the past, limited to small outbreaks that could be quickly brought under control. It has been observed that when people hear fire or smoke alarms, their first response is typically to try to find the reason for the alarm rather than immediately escaping or reporting a fire. In some situations, no one is present to hear an alarm or if they do hear it, they may choose to ignore it entirely. If they realize it is a fire, they may try to fight it themselves, warn or assist others, or collect belongings The type of building in which a fire alarm activates is a key factor in the way people respond. Typically, an alarm in a home leads to a very fast response by occupants while response to an alarm in public assembly occupancy could be expected to be slow. This suggests that source of call measures stratified by occupancy type would be informative in examining total response time measures. Fire spread may also be affected by fire notification and dispatch. The more time it takes to notify the fire department, the more time fire has to spread. However, monitoring services may be more likely than individuals to report confined fires, since individuals are likely to put these minor fires out themselves. To identify this, the source of the call would have to be examined along with fire spread. Compared to all buildings, a building with an alarm monitoring system may be more likely to be equipped with an automatic fire detection and/or suppression system, which would increase the likelihood that a fire would be detected early or contained to the room of origin. The measure might be further strengthened by examining the percentage of calls made by either individuals or alarm monitoring services by presence or absence of automatic suppression systems. In the National Capital Region with a population of 11.86 Million, it is where most of the biggest and disastrous fire transpired thus, effective and efficient firefighting is very essential. Unfortunately, the BFP firefighters were lack in proper personal protective equipments and modern firefighting equipments which is very significant in carrying out their mandated tasks. II. RELATED ISSUES AND CONCERNS: There are several studies, some of which date back to the 1970’s, that highlight important performance measures for fire departments to consider when evaluating workload, performance, efficiency, and effectiveness. There have been some key changes in fire codes since the 1970’s. This can have an impact on measures of fire department performance. Fire detection and suppression equipment is now required in most new construction. For the fire service, the desired fire protection outcomes – which are not easily measured – include fires prevented or suppressed, and ultimately the human life and property preserved. You cannot measure a program without first clearly identifying the goals and purpose of that program, in other words the intended outcome. Goal statements are qualitative statements that typically generalize the intended outcome of a program in words rather than numbers. This is the first step to evaluating performance. Once intended goals are establi shed, the department must identify the functions or actions that are taken in order to achieve said goal. They must also consider available resources – whether monetary, equipment, or person-hours. Why measure performance? Robert Behn points out, â€Å"neither the act of measuring performance nor the resulting data accomplishes anything itself; only when someone uses these measures in some way do they accomplish something.† Performance measures are the quantitative or numerical representation of activities and resources that help evaluate whether the goal is met. The easiest and best way of applying quantitative performance measures to qualitative goal statements is to specifically identify target rates or percentages for each goal. For example, one qualitative goal statement for the fire department might be to â€Å"control fire spread upon arrival.† The department could use the measure: percentage of fires that did not spread beyond the area of origin after arrival of the fire department. When talking to public administrators and town officials, saying 88% of fires did not spread beyond the area of origin after fire department arrival doesn’t really mean much without an identified target goal. Of course, ideally everyone wants 100% of fires confined to the area of origin, but it is not always the case. Realistic target goals should be set. Communities aren’t static; they grow and change over time. Population size and characteristics can change. Building types and construction materials can change. A change in department policy (i.e., personnel levels, inspection frequency) can affect performance. The fire department should take all of these issues into consideration and compare its own community’s characteristics and department policy over time. According to The Rand Fire Project, any public service must be measured by its effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. Effectiveness is concerned with the basic reason for providing the service. Measures of effectiveness determine how well a service does what it is supposed to do. To determine effectiveness, it’s important to look beyond immediate output and determine the associated consequences of that output. Efficiency is concerned with how well resources are used in providing the service. Efficiency measures are an economic criterion, most often associated with money. Equity is concerned with the relationship between those who pay and those who benefit. Equity measures look at the fairness in levels of service provided and citizen expectation (Chaiken and Ignall). III. POLICY ISSUES: The Manila Fire District (MFD) reaffirms five broad goals: 1. Improve Fire/Emergency Response Operations 2.1 Enhance the Department’s preparedness to respond to fires, emergencies, disasters and acts of terrorism. The Department’s highest priority continues to be to enhance its operational capacity to respond to fires, pre-hospital care emergencies, building collapses and hazardous materials incidents, as well as natural disasters, terrorist acts and other emergencies. 2.2 Fire Management Program 2.3.1 Pre-Suppression 2.3.2.1 Training: All personnel shall receive training in first aid, fireline safety, fire behavior and techniques and methods of fire suppression. This shall include periodic hands-on training with hand tools and equipment, as well as crew and fireline organization. Supervisors and fire management personnel need special training in fire control tactics to insure their competence when directing fire suppression operations. 2.3.2.2 Pre-attack planning is required at Administrative Staff and Branch levels for the gathering, coordinating and recording of intelligence, as well as the construction of certain fire control facilities, to insure the rapid and efficient suppression of fire on any given area. Pre-attack planning will include: (a) Assess and map existing facilities, firelines and access route, which are judged to be important to the successful control of fires. (b) Identify and propose additional facilities, firelines, and other aids to fire control, including maintenance required. (c) An estimate of personnel, equipment, and other factors needed including other agency cooperators that will provide for safe and efficient fire control. (d) Identify natural and physical resources of special importance. (e) Construct and maintain new lines and facilities according to plan, by priority, as funds and time permit. (f) Keep pre-attack plans current to annual field checks and revisions. 1.2.1.3. Equipment and Material Readiness (a) Will acquire, account for, and maintain specialized equipment and material used in support of fire control activities, such as telecommunications and computer equipment. (b) Will maintain firefighting equipment and material in safe condition and state of readiness. (c) Will maintain an adequate inventory of equipment, material and supply. 2.3.2 Suppression (a) The incident commander is responsible for all activities and operations on the fire. He may delegate more responsibility to assistants as organizational needs grow, but he is always the final authority and bears total responsibility. (b) Coordinate with Barangay and Volunteer Fire Brigades for immediate suppression of fire and other emergencies. 2.3.3 Demobilization (a) Completion of all reports related to the fire. (b) Repair and maintenance of all equipment used on the fire and replacement of items rendered unserviceable or expended. (c) Debriefing and critique will be conducted as appropriate. Important items of information gained will be incorporated in the final fire report. 2. Improve Fire Prevention and Safety Education 2.1 Prevention A major responsibility for every Branch is to keep the community informed on the need for sound fire protection. Prevention of fire is a continuous effort. Fire is an ever present danger, and, to be effective, fire prevention must be constantly practiced. Each fire prevention program should analyze the common cause of fire, identify fire hazards and risks existing in the protection area, and propose measures to reduce the threats of fire and fire damage. Branch fire prevention strategies shall include the following: (a) Tri-Media and websites. (b) Talks to schools, civic organizations, etc. (c) Public notices/news releases declaring high fire danger periods. (d) Posting of fire prevention/high fire danger warning signs and posters. The new Fire Code of the Philippines (RA 9514) went into effect December 2008 as part of the Country continued commitment to ensure public safety. The Manila Fire District remains vigilant in its mission to protect lives and property through inspections and enforcement. The Department’s approach represents a continuum of services that includes an array of prevention, inspection, investigation and educational activities and programs. The Fire Department will continue to develop fire prevention, inspection and educational programs to make communities safer and expand its efforts to implement a risk-based inspection program. Guided by the RA 9514, MFD is undertaking a comprehensive review of its fire prevention and fire suppression efforts. The aim is to better assess and quantify fire and hazard risk in the community in terms of the possibility of loss or injury and assign defined, quantifiable values of risk and hazards. The Department will identify and analyze risk by adopting a sound, scientific approach and, through the use of state-of-the-art technology, integrate data collection and dissemination of critical information to the field. The end result will be to modify current operating standards and improve prevention and suppression response, accordingly. The first of these efforts is to research and modify its inspection programs, as follows: i. Establish a risk-based inspection program that will enable the MFD to focus its fire prevention resources on the buildings and hazards in neighborhoods facing the greatest risk of a serious fire, hazmat incident or other large-scale emergency. ii. Develop criteria for risk-based assessments of buildings, sites, hazards, construction and demolition and create a risk-based inspection scheduling system. iii. Develop improved workflows and business processes for risk-based inspections, data collection, data retrieval and analysis using information from various other City agencies. The MFD provides educational seminars and on-site inspection to Building Owners and occupants too ensure compliance. The MFD will: i. Notify the owner/occupants of building or structure regarding increased enforcement through the issuance of violations and court summons for failure to comply with the law. ii. Utilize a Task Force to supplement enforcement of the Fire Code of the Philippines. iii. Ensure drills are scheduled and held at each site for participation by commercial high-rise building tenants. iv. Develop criteria for risk-based assessments of buildings, sites, hazards, construction and demolition and create a risk-based inspection scheduling system. 3. Enhance the Health and Safety of MFD Members The Department is committed to improving the safety and well-being of all MFD emergency responders. MFD has emphasized a renewed effort to improve operational safety management and behavior through heightened hazard-risk awareness, an emphasis on injury prevention and by intensely promoting among all members the importance of safety each and every day to prevent injuries or fatalities. The MFD through its Emergency Medical Services, is in the process of designing, piloting and implementing various projects to meet the needs of the Fire and EMS workforce. The goal of the program is to improve the way in which safety is managed within the fire service and direct management efforts at critical safety-related behaviors, resulting in a change in members’ attitudes, values and beliefs about safety. The EMS program and its safety message aims: 3.1 To reach all BFP personnel who are required to adhere to an annual medical appointment. The program content incorporates accident data and ambulance driver profiles, identifies road hazards and reviews safety operating procedures and protocols to ensure the safety of personnel. 3.2 Further promote operational safety management and behavior by reinforcing the FDNY safety culture. 3.3 Participate in a national, multi-year academic research project to develop a world-class safety management system within MFD for members of the Fire and Emergency Medical Service. 3.4 Promote Critical Incident Stress Management through peer debriefing sessions for all emergency responders at an incident site. 4. Strengthen Management and Organizational Development Promote organizational effectiveness and develop leadership capabilities. The MFD continues to strengthen its management capabilities by providing ongoing opportunities for additional training, the refinement of performance management methods and increased access to comprehensive analytical reports and data. Fire Departments respond to a wide range of emergency incidents. This guideline identifies standard operating guidelines that can be employed in establishing command. The system provides for the effective management of personnel and resources providing for the safety and welfare of personnel. It also establishes guidelines for the implementation of all components of ICS for structural/fire operations. Command Guidelines are designed to: 4.1.Fix the responsibility for command on a specific individual through a standard identification system, depending on the arrival sequence of members, companies, and chief officers. 4.2. Ensure that a strong, direct, and visible command will be established from the onset of the incident.   4.3. Establish an effective incident organization defining the activities and responsibilities assigned to the Incident Commander and to other individuals operating within ICS.   4.4. Provide a system to process information to support incident management, planning, and decision making. The Incident Commander is responsible for the completion of the tactical priorities. The tactical priorities are: a. Remove endangered occupants and treat the injured. b. Stabilize the incident and provide for life safety. c. Conserve property. d. Provide for the safety, accountability, and welfare of personnel. This priority is ongoing throughout the incident. ICS is used to facilitate the completion of the tactical priorities. The INCIDENT COMMANDER is the person who drives ICS towards that end. The Incident Commander is responsible for building an ICS organization that matches the organizational needs of the incident to achieve the completion of the tactical priorities for the incident. The Functions of Command define standard activities that are performed by the Incident Commander to achieve the tactical priorities. 5. Increase Diversity Continue to advance and support initiatives in the recruitment, retention and promotional advancement of men and women of diverse backgrounds in the fire protection and emergency medical service. A top priority of the Department is to continue to expand its successful efforts to diversify its uniformed workforce through its Recruitment Unit and various recruitment programs. The percentage of young men and women of diverse backgrounds entering the Fire Academy has been increasing steadily. The Department’s latest recruitment campaign was tremendously successful. The Department will continue targeted recruitment for future Firefighter Civil Service examinations that focuses on recruiting young men and women of diverse backgrounds. Department will: (1) Continue ongoing, year-round outreach for EMS recruitment. (2) Implement a Physical Preparation Program for EMS candidates called to take the Physical Agility Test (PAT). (3) Continue to expand outreach and mentoring efforts in div erse communities throughout the City and increase the visibility of career opportunities in firefighting and EMS. IV. ALTERNATIVE POLICY MEASURES: A. Continue to research, pilot and expand the use of new and innovative firefighting techniques to enhance operational tactics, response and Incident Command. B. Enhance coordination with other NGOs and Volunteer Fire Brigades for new and modernized fire fighting methods. C. Enhance and develop additional fire prevention and educational outreach programs to make communities safer. D. Implement a risk-based priority inspection scheduling system and wireless handheld tools to automate field inspections. E. Implement the review and approval of Emergency Action Plans (EAPs) for commercial high-rise buildings. The MFD must establish an EAP Unit within the Bureau of Fire Prevention to review and approve plans submitted by commercial building owners in compliance with RA 9514. F. Continue to improve on-scene safety for Fire/EMS responders by developing additional scene safety initiatives, including conducting an Fire/EMS hazard assessment Department-wide survey and establishing a Hazard Ass essment Committee. V. CONCLUSION: Calls to fire departments can come in from many avenues. The four major response types include: fire incident calls, EMS calls, HazMat calls, and other calls such as service calls, or false alarms. Individuals and alarm monitoring services are the major sources for calls to fire departments. The fire department has no direct involvement in how quickly a fire is discovered once it starts and how promptly the fire is reported once it has been discovered. In the best case scenario, someone notices a fire when it starts and reports the fire immediately after evacuating, but this does not always happen. Fire departments may arrive to several different scenarios at a fire scene. Fire scene scenarios include: fire extinguished before arrival of firefighters, fire contained to the room of origin before or after arrival of firefighters, or fire spread beyond room of origin before or after arrival of firefighters. In some scenarios, a person may need to be rescued from a building or fire scene . There may also be fatalities or injured victims on scene who require medical aid. The purpose of this to identify the top priorities of the Department, describe significant strategic management initiatives and future actions. This Policy is seeks to provide the public, Department and its members with a clear framework for the future to work together with its many partners to ensure the delivery of, fire protection and other emergency care, investigation, inspection and preventive and educational services that the citizens and visitors to People have a right to expect. The initiatives contained in this Policy will require consultation with and support from other local government units, as well as the private sector and the City’s relevant labor organizations. In addition to the new objectives outlined, the MFD will continue to monitor the progress and completion of those key objectives The MFD is dedicated to its mission and core values and to serve and protect the City of Manila. This Policy represents the commitment to respond to emergencies and simultaneously provides an opportunity to evaluate its core services and set new standards as an organization to meet its future challenges. REFERENCES: National Fire Protection Association Fire Code of the Philippines, RA 9514 Ahrens, M., Smoke Alarms in U.S. Home Fires, NFPA Division of Fire Analysis and Research, July 2009. Ammons, D., Municipal Benchmarks: Assessing Local Performance and Establishing Community Standards, Sage Publications, Second Edition, 2001. Chaiken, W., Ignall, E., Fire Department Deployment Analysis: A Public Policy Analysis Case Stud, The Rand Fire Project, A Rand Corporation Research Study, 1979. Cline, D., Organizational Benchmarking and Performance Evaluation, NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 20th edition, Volume II, Chapter 12.2, 2008. Hall, J.R. Jr., Flynn, J., Grant, C. Measuring Code Compliance Effectiveness for Fire-Related Portions of Codes, the National Fire Protection Association and Fire Protection Research Foundation, 2008.

Who Is The Leader - 1631 Words

Who is the Leader? James Earl Carter Jr., the 39th President of the United States held office from 1977-1981 and lost his reelection bid due to what was perceived by many as incompetency in his decision making and self induced alienation from potential followers. Carter however, exemplifies the personification of true humanity toward his fellow man in his efforts to eradicate the Guinea Worm and bring women’s rights as the new face for the civil rights movement. Three decades past his presidency, Mr. Carter shows the true mark of a great leader forging a great legacy. Mr. Carter was born on October 1, 1924 to religious parents James Earl Carter Sr. and Bessie Lillian Gordy that introduced him to Christian values that highlight Mr. Carter’s persona present date. He grew up on his father’s peanut farm spending his first four years in Plains, Georgia until his father decided to relocate the family to a rural area in the close by town of Archery. A bit introverted, Carter was still studious in his studies. Carter showed an interest in hard work and politics at as early as age ten while working in his father’s family store. Carter studied engineering in college which helped him land a much coveted spot at the Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland. He was not so popular with his peers due to what they deemed as a lack of physical and psychological savvy; however, Carter still managed to continually excel in his studies and upon his completion showed he had secured theShow MoreRelatedWho Is A Leader?892 Words   |  4 Pagesorder to be a leader one must have all the answers; however leadership is more about asking questions than it is about giving answers. The truth is that no person will ever have all the answers in every situation. It is through the process of skilled, intellectual inquiry that leaders are able to guide their teams to success. 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Think manager-Think Male in the 1970’s Virginia Schein can be the one of the appropriateRead MoreWho Is The Leader Of The Propaganda?1567 Words   |  7 Pagespopularity, there is another reason that he is chosen to be the leader of the propaganda. â€Å"Momotaro is the embodiment of Japanese heroic courage and succeeds in overcoming a seemingly superior enemy, who, in an analogy to the fairy tale, is a devil.† Momotaro is a young boy who is born through supernatural means and yet is accepted into being a symbolic hero for the nation. He is untouched by outside forces, said to be a à ¢â‚¬Å"pure Japanese hero†, who faces against â€Å"foreign demons† , which can easily representRead MoreWho Is The Dysfunctional Leader?945 Words   |  4 Pagesrequires others, and that implies they don’t need to be â€Å"direct reports†, (Kruse, 2013). Some leaders are great leaders, they care about the organizations they work for, they also care about the people they manage and their future. Other leaders are just put in positions or situations that they are simply not qualified for. There is also one dangerous type of leaders called dysfunctional leaders. Dysfunctional leaders can be gifted with charm and determination, but when something goes wrong, their self-confidentRead MoreWho Is A Servant Leader?2606 Words   |  11 PagesHow do you rate as a servant leader? Discuss commitment to others as shown by access, communication, and support. A person who is a servant leader is someone who is committed to the people. I would consider myself a servant leader due to my strong commitment to people, whether it is to coworkers, customers, management, and even people outside of the work place. This can be shown through access, communication, and support. In a fast paced world where everyone is head deep into their computers

Holocaust And The Mass Murder Of The Jews - 1958 Words

Holocaust â€Å"Holocaust† hails from two Greek words â€Å"holos† meaning whole and â€Å"kaustos† meaning burned. The Holocaust is a name that was used to historically define a sacrificial offering that was burned on an altar. However, from 1945, the word holocaust attained a new and horrible meaning. It was used to define the mass murder of 6 million European Jews. The Jews were killed along with some other persecuted groups such as homosexuals and gypsies. Now, the term Holocaust is used to define the mass murder of the Jews and this paper will explore the occurrences surrounding the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler did not mark the beginning of Anti-Semitism in Europe. Regardless of the fact that the term itself came into use in the 1870s, evidence pertaining to hostility toward Jews dates back to as far as the ancient world (Crowe 45). This was when the Roman authorities obliterated the Jewish temple that was situated in Jerusalem (Crowe 45). 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The Significant and Enduring Impact Louis Pasteur Had on...

The intention of this paper is to examine the significant and enduring impact Louis Pasteur had on public health and wonderful advances in medicines and invention of vaccines. Louis Pasteur was a truly talented person who made many various discoveries in different areas of science. He invented Pasteurization, the process of treating milk free of damage causing microorganisms (Louis Pasteur, 2014). In 1843, Louis enrolled at the Ecole Normale Supe ´rieure in Paris, where he focused in the origins of life. During the time he was professor in Strasbourg, France, he started investigating fermentation, which is a chemical process that breaks down organic substance. Pasteur became drawn to the field of transmittable diseases and the discovery of†¦show more content†¦Louis drew comprehensive drawings that would help him draw what he saw in the microscope. Fortitude also came in his childhood when a wolf bit his friend and nearly died from rabies (Berche, 2012). Louis Pasteur Education Louis received his bachelors degree in letters in August of 1840. Louis received his doctoral degree in 1847 with a thesis on crystallography. Pasteur studied how certain crystals affect light and at the age of 26, he started working on his doctoral thesis on crystallography, the study of forms and structures of crystals. Louis began working with two acids commonly found in the sediments of fermenting wine. Tartaric acid and paratartaric acid were found a few years earlier to have the same chemical composition, but there was something about these two acids that were different and Louis sought to find the answer. He found that in solution the two rotated polarized light differently, while tartaric acid rotated polarized light to the right, paratartaric acid did not rotate the light at all. He then began to study the crystals of each acid under his microscope and noticed that some of the crystals in paratartaric acid were slightly different from that of tartaric acid. Using a dissecting needle and his microscope, he separated the different crystals into two piles, and upon viewing each crystal in the microscope, he noticed that the crystals appeared to be mirror images of themselves (Berche, 2012). Louis Pasteur Marriage and Career HeShow MoreRelatedPorter Five Force Analysis of Indian Food Processing Industry9734 Words   |  39 Pagesunderstanding and analyzing the working of the real Indian scenario. Introduction of Report This report provides an overview of our food production and consumption system, its impacts on the environment and its vulnerability to environmental problems and resource constraints. The aim of the report is to identify any significant challenges to the future security of the food system in India that arise from environmental and resource issues, and the risks, constraints and social or political responses

Janis Joplin Essay Example For Students

Janis Joplin Essay Blues legend Janis Lyn Joplin was born on January 19th 1943, the eldest child of parents Seth and Dorothy Joplin. Janis was born and raised in the small Southern petroleum industry town of Port Arthur, Texas. Her father was a canning factory worker, her mother a registrar at a local business college. Her non-abberational upbringing coupled with the atmosphere of Port Arthur at the time; generally restrictive, intolerant, and unnurturing mustve made even Janis early childhood difficult. By all accounts, however, Janis seems to have been a normal and happy child, who fitted societys usual definition of pretty. It was in Janis adolescence that the hang-ups and hassles that were to affect the path of the rest of her life. In a sense, her rigid upbringing played a large part in making Janis who she was. This would never have been admitted at the time, but, predictably, the Port Arthur ethic created a fire inside Janis (the fire which later made her so famous) and kept it burning until her death. Janis troubles began, when, as a teenager, her good looks gradually began to disintegrate, her soft blonde hair turned into an unruly brown mane. She also developed severe acne, which would scar her mentally as well as physically. Hence, Janis became something of a loner, an ugly duckling- somebody who no longer fitted societys absurd notion of pretty. She soon began avoiding mirrors, and her anxiety about her looks was made worse by the constant taunts by peers, who rejected her and often made fun of her. When Janis found that society had rejected her, she simply rejected it. Janis raised on classical music and omnipresent country music back in Texas, discovered the blues of Louisiana. Janis was soon inspired to both learn and appreciate music, and its roots- her idols included Odettea, Leadbelly and Bessie Smith, who would have great influence on her subsequent musical career, especially her vocal style. By the time Janis graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in 1960, she had already decided she wanted to be a singer, and left home. At first, Janis found work in the country and western clubs of Texas, also singing folk songs for very little money. Her ultimate goal in doing this was to raise enough money for a bus fare to California. She played the folk circuit around Austin for a short while, then left for San Francisco. In the summer of 1965, Janis returned home to Port Authur for a year to question her life direction. Drugged-up and burned-out, she attempted, unsuccessfully, to conform to a straight lifestyle. Then, ironically, a fed-up Janis he aded back to Austin, where she had previously experienced such hostility, and stayed there for a further seven months before she was on the move again this time to San Francisco, where the next, and most important, chapter of her life was to begin. By 1967, Janis had joined Big Brother and the Holding Company and hit the big time, or at least, had established a healthy following locally. Albert Grossman, arguably the most influential and important entertainment manager of the era, showcased them. Thanks to him, they secured a three-record deal with Colombia Records. The band played at Bill Grahams Fillmore Auditorium, and, famously, at the Monterey Pop Festival, California, where Janis gave a legendary performance. A year later, Big Brother released their first album- Cheap Thrills (the original title: Sex, Dope and Cheap Thrills, having been vetoed by censors). As a result of the album, the group was now playing even larger audiences for bigger fees. Concert flyers read: Big Brother and The Holding Company with Janis Joplin. Increasingly, it was Janis who was singled out for critical acclaim. It was her powerful vocals on the extracted tracks Summertime and Piece Of My Heart that propelled the album to the top end of the charts. What is more, every Janis shriek and growl was painstakingly recorded with utmost precision. .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .postImageUrl , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:hover , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:visited , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:active { border:0!important; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:active , .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc6d1ebd5e5221b262969bf05694527dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How to Succeed as a College Student EssayHowever, as the pressure on the hippie rockers began mounting, and they began using stronger, more expensive drugs, the relentless hedonism began to affect their working relationship. It was evident in Janis performances. She began scratching her head excessively- a side effect of excessive heroin use- and, in December of 1968, she left Big Brother in pursuit of a solo career. By now, Janis was a national celebrity, with an established reputation and critics everywhere raving about her performances. Of course, her established reputation didnt stop at her exceptional music. She was very much a typical rock star hedonist, using drugs and drinking excessively. Southern Comfort was her particular favorite that has been contributed to her raspy whisky voice. Janis decided against going solo and instead joined another band entitled the Kozmic Blues Band. She appeared with them at the great Woodstock festival, and they released one album together: I Got Dem Ol Kozmic Blues Again, Mama, released in September 1969, which, although it showed the maturity of her sound, received mixed reviews. Rolling Stone, in particular, slated the album. It was a somewhat different sound from Big Brother, with more emphasis on R;B than previously. In 1970, while recording her first album with the Full Tilt Boogie Band (entitled Pearl after a nickname given to her by her closest friends), Janis chanced into using heroin once again. Ironically, it was the workaholic side of Janis that landed her with her heroin habit. Unbelievably, despite the obvious negative effects, she believed that the drug made her feel fresh for rehearsals and performances- the two things that added the most pressure to her life. Like any heroin user, she was deluding herself. The slipp ery slope had begun. On Saturday October 4th 1970, Janis Joplin was staying at the Landmark Hotel in Los Angeles, California. She had almost finished recording the album Pearl with the Full Tilt Boogie Band and, that evening, she injected some heroin to help her to relax amid the recording sessions that were taking place. She also used Southern Comfort, to the extent that, if she were not actually an alcoholic at that time, she was very close to it indeed. Janis had bought the heroin from her usual, reliable dealer, named George. George, being a nice drug dealer, routinely had a local chemist come to check out his stash before he sold it onto the streets, to ensure it was cut adequately as to avoid fatalities. However, that night, of all nights, the chemist was not in town. Hence, the heroin Janis purchased would have been approximately 4 to 10 times stronger than normal, and she died. The last person to speak to Janis before her death was quite probably the man off whom she purchased a packet of cigarettes. The truth is, no one will really ever know the exact reasons why, having been so determined to kick her heroin habit, Janis Joplin reverted to the drug that had shown her mercy on so many occasions but ultimately killed her. What can definitely assumed is that Janis is a legend, who will never be forgotten. Just like the old blues singers whom she idolized, Janis will remain firmly etched into the memory of all those who were there during her time at Rocks Pantheon. This memory has also been passed down to a whole new generation, who are at last appreciating records by an artist who could sing without state-of-the-art technology. Today, Janis albums have gone gold, platinum and triple platinum. Her Greatest Hits Album still tops the charts on the American Billboard, and numerous compilation albums have been released since her death, including the box-set Janis. She has been the subject of a feature documentary Janis (1973), more recently VH1s Legends, and a film of her life is curren tly under discussion. .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .postImageUrl , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:hover , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:visited , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:active { border:0!important; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:active , .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3 .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u15d7f41e7d4f9ed805f541a962d020b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth Analysis EssayThree decades on and still, few other women couldve earned the nickname Pearl so well. Bibliography:

World War I Essays - Military History By Country,

World War I The name commonly given to the war of 1914-1918, which began in Europe and was fought principally on that continent but eventually involved all the continents of the world. While the wars between Great Britain and France from 1689 to 1815 had been extended to North America, Africa, and Asia, they remained wars between European governments. The term "world war" is properly applied to the conflict of 1914-1918 because the various parts of the British Empire in all continents as well as many countries in Asia and North and South America participated in it. For the first time, all the great powers of the world were engaged: Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia in Europe; Japan in Asia; and the United States in North America. It is estimated that by the end of the war about 93 percent of the population of the world was in greater or less degree involved. The two opposing sides in the war were; The Allies Or Entente Powers Britain, France, Russia (left December 1917), Italy (entered May 1915), Serbia, Belgium, Romania (entered August 1916), USA (entered April 1917) The Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey (entered November 1914), Bulgaria (entered 1915) THE ENTERY OF THE USA TO THE WORLD WAR I The United States was never neutral throughout The Great War, despite the President Woodrow Wilson's declaration of neutrality, and a direct declaration of war against the Central Powers was an inescapable occurrence. When war was come into existence in Europe in 1914, it was impossible for the United States, an emerging world power, to avoid conflict despite its efforts to. President Wilson immediately issued a declaration of neutrality because entering into a war would be against the prevalent progressive spirit of the time and America had a tradition of avoiding European conflicts whenever possible. Nevertheless, The United States remained completely neutral from 1914-1917. " Continued interruption of trade and travel on the seas by both the allies and central powers, especially attacks by German submarines, which was the main reason for the United States to enter the war in 1917." Great Britain's powerful navy quickly took control of the Atlantic and set up a blockade, cutting off American trade with Germany. Germany, on the other hand, attacked British supply lines with their new invention, the U-boat. The United States accepted Great Britain's blockade and stopped trade with Germany, although a demand by the United States that free trade allowed surely have been agreed to. On the other hand, instead of accepting Germany's attempt to stop American shipping to the Allies, Wilson demanded that Germany stop all attacks on American ships, but accepted nearly the same thing when perpetrated by the British. The population of America, although against involvement in the war, supported the Allied cause. This was due to both the cultural similarities and roots shared between the United States and Great Britain and the large scale British propaganda campaign in America, in an attempt to get the United States involved in the war. The propaganda along with German practices of sinking ships without giving passengers a chance to escape and attacking the neutral country of Belgium (both of which violated international law) led to an intense Anti-German sentiment throughout the population. America was clearly not a neutral country, but Americans did not wish to become directly involved in the war. German U-boats had taken many American lives with their attacks on merchant ships, including the Lusitania where 128 Americans were killed, which lead to America demanding an end to the U-boat attacks. The Germans responded by temporally ceasing submarine warfare in 1916 under the Sussex Pledge until 1917 when Germany announced the continuation of submarine warfare and ended diplomatic relations with the United States. In an attempt to eliminate the threat of American involvement in Europe, Foreign Minister Alfred Zimmerman of Germany attempted to provoke Mexico into attacking the United States with the promising her Texas, New Mexico and Arizona in return. The British decoded a message containing Zimmerman's intent and sent to the US, further swaying Americans to action. Berlin, January 19, 1917 "On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New